more idea! Steve_T You can reversed think for ac to dc transformer to the sum of ac transformer with diode bridge and some capacitor if ac transformer told that output 12 Vac ,it's an average voltage. Next, 12Vac is conversed via diode bridge and pass it to capacitor. Finally,you will get Vpeak of voltage e.g. I bought some adaptor which insides of it contains a Supplied circuit above. Side of it told that 12Vdc but i measured output voltage with multimeter ,i got 18 Vdc Have Fun!!