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  1. M

    PCB Spark Gap - HOW TO

    Hi, Anyone know how to create/design for the PCB spark gap? I found limited information on how to create the spark gap on PCB. Any requirement needed to follow? For your information, spark gap can provide significant protection against voltage transient. Regards
  2. M

    Transistor Protection

    Actually the R3 shd be the load and a max of 1A must be able to supply to the load from another current driver circuit. A protection circuit to turn off the switching circuit is needed when user accidentally short the output (load removed and short to ground).
  3. M

    Single Supply Op-Amp with Negative Ouput

    thanks audioguru for the suggested solution. ;D
  4. M

    Transistor Protection

    Let say if i have a transistor switching circuit as in the diagram (attached image), by switch on the J1, the voltage drop across Q3 will cause damage to the transistor. Is there any way to add a control circuit to turn off the Q2 so that Q3 will off as well. Thank for the opinion as i start...
  5. M

    Single Supply Op-Amp with Negative Ouput

    Is that possible to design single supply op amp (O-5V) rail-to-rail, to provide a negative ouput voltage?
  6. M

    6V 5A PSU problem.

    yes...the measurement was done without load..with load it definately higher(with 25ohms at full load). the desired max output is 25V 1A. the 32VDC is supply to power transistor circuitry to output the desired voltage.
  7. M

    6V 5A PSU problem.

    hi..i noticed that my power source (24-0-24 rating transformer connected to full wave bridge rectifier and filter out by 2x4700uF, 1000uF, 0.1uF and 5.6K resistor all in parallel) having a ripple noise of around 4mV-8mV. Any idea to further reduce the ripple noise? and hopfully can reduce my...
  8. M

    6V 5A PSU problem.

    Okay i'll try to troubleshoot further and will notify if got any improvement over the ripple noise...thanks for the guidances.. :)
  9. M

    6V 5A PSU problem.

    to ante sorry if i posted the thread in a wrong section  :P well actually the 6V 5A is just a single power supply output, in facts, my PSU consists of +25V 1A and -25V 1A of output as well. Since now in the troubleshooting stage, i dun intend to mess up all the part as it complicated the...
  10. M

    6V 5A PSU problem.

    thanks for the reply at 1st... well...my PSU actually nothing but juz consists of a transformer, brigde rectifier and +15/-15 voltage regulator for the op amp. so i guess there isn't any switching regulator in my PSU. as wat i stated early...the ripple noise can be reduced to <2mV by...
  11. M

    6V 5A PSU problem.

    I have a question here...i currently doing a power supply which is capable to supply max of 6V and 5A of output. the PSU is a digital PSU with microcontroller and LCD interface which means that the output can be adjusted to any desired value. the problem is the output ripple noise of the PSU is...
  12. M

    Bigginers Handbook

    i would like to hav a copy as well...thx so much [email protected]
  13. M

    Protel PCB layout

    hi guys..i need some help on this protel software.. i got the schematic and go through all the procedures until i get the PCB layout. but i dunno how to print out this layout so that i can transfer the circuit to PCB. if i select print option..it will print out the layout fixed to whole A4...
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