No wonder. The last op-amp in not a buffered amp. It is part of the frequency determining components. After all, it changes the phase by 180°, doesn't it?
The feedback to the input is a dead short. That tells me that beta is 1.
The gain of those three op-amps is not -R2/R1
R2 is...
Right you are. To find the Thevenin resistance seen by the capacitor, First find the open circuit voltage, which is -4 volts. Then find the short circuit current, which is -6/100. Then divide the open circuit voltage by the short circuit current to get 66.66... ohms resistance seen by the...
Those cards have a speed rating. If you don't have one that is fast enough, you will run into probs. The speed should be marked on the card. I believe they go from slowest to fastest as marked by 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and U. U stands for "ultra".
Ratch
At the node points.
Voltage is measured between nodes. Current is measured within branches of the nodes. In other words, you cannot put a ammeter between H and I for meaningful results.
Ratch
It doesn't matter which way you apply voltage to the capacitor unless it is polarized. When you say "charging a capacitor", what are you charging it with?
That's only when the resistor is in series with the capacitor. This circuit is different.
You have to calculate the voltage and see...
At what speed? Starting or max rpm? You should Google for a Prony brake. That's the proper way to measure torque and everything else that rotates.
Ratch
Current, charge and flow are well defined words. What is there about those words you do not understand? I would be at a loss to diagram their definitions.
Just like I said. An excitation voltage applied to a coil causes a current change, which in turn causes an opposing voltage from the...
Capacitors have nothing to do with current in a coil. I did miswrite in post #49 the following, "There is always a voltage present while current is present." I should have written "There is always a voltage present while current is changing."
Current does indeed fall to zero in a capacitor...
Current is already charge flow. It does not flow again. "Current flow" is syntactically incorrect.
How so?
One composite voltage, usually composed of a excitation voltage and a reactive coil voltage.
Which means the coil has no resistance.
That's wrong. A point on the current curve of...
Charge movement is current. Current flow means charge flow flow, which is redundant and ridiculous.
No, of course. The current that exists when the external voltage is zero comes from the voltage produced by the magnetic field collapse. There is always a voltage present while current is...
Current does not flow, remember? It is either present or it exists. Charge can flow, however.
Current will exist forever in any conductor, not just coils, if superconductivity is present. There is nothing to take away the energy of the charge carriers. It is analogous to moving through an...
No, when a current is present in an inductor without an external voltage being applied, the voltage to drive the current comes from the inductor itself. Specifically, the energy released from the collapsing magnetic field.
Ratch
You are going to run into trouble if you use the base current to predict the collector current. That is because there is a large beta variation within the same transistor designation, let alone those of different designations. If you want consistent Ic, apply a constant voltage across Re like...
As far as I can see, other than being helpful in knowing the physics of the BJT, Vbe will only affect the bias point and the transconductance in designing circuits. For the higher Ic currents in a BJT, Vbe is going to be around 0.7 volts and won't change much. For very small currents, the Vbe...
Vbe controls Ic according to the physics of the BJT. I can elucidate that in more detail if you so desire. Circuit analysis is an approximation of what is happening. As you can see below, this transistor's Ic increases almost one amp for a for a increase of only 150 millivolts. The Ic really...
What is/was your point? I looked back at your previous post and could not find any explanation of what it is.
If that formula includes beta, then the relationship is going to be quite variable, because beta has a wide variance between transistors unless you are willing to pay handsomely to...
The book wants you to find the range of Vbb for saturation and cutoff. The value of Vbb for saturation is ((Vbb-0.7)/(100*Rb))*100*Rc=15-1, where 1 is the voltage across the transistor during saturation. Solving the equation gives Vbb=14.7 volts. Just above cutoff occurs at Vbb=0.7 volts...