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  1. R

    Phase Shift Oscillator

    Didn't I already do that above? Ratch
  2. R

    Phase Shift Oscillator

    Excalibur, Ratch
  3. R

    Transistors

    You need to look at page 26, starting at post #511 of this link http://www.electro-tech-online.com/threads/ac-flowing-through-a-cap-what-actually-happens.116575/page-26 Then read my critique of the video a little further on. Ratch
  4. R

    Transistors

    Your are correct, you caught me fair and square on that one. I should have said "distributes" the charge, not store it.
  5. R

    Transistors

    In a wire, conduction is taking place. The valence electrons of the conductor are transferring from one atom to another. The process can go on indefinitely. There is also a continuous drift velocity involved. In a capacitor, there is no conduction through the dielectric. The electrons are...
  6. R

    Transistors

    What does that mean? A difference in the number of charges? Voltage is a density, an energy density. It takes energy to squeeze a number of electrons into a volume of space. That volume will have a energy density per charge called voltage. It will take more energy to squeeze the same number...
  7. R

    Transistors

    You are going to have to explain that a lot better in order to make sense of what you said. Ratch
  8. R

    super capacitor capacity?

    No, a battery's energy is stored chemically. A capacitor's energy is stored in its electrostatic field. Their deenergizing curves are completely different. They can both be shorted for no good reason. Ratch
  9. R

    super capacitor capacity?

    A capacitor stores energy, not power. I got 14.5 hours, which agrees with what Kris calculated.
  10. R

    solar charge controller

    That is basic knowledge available from the web, textbooks, and other sources. You cannot expect us give you a transistor course. We can help you over the hard spots, but most of the knowledge will have to be gained by your own work and study. That's right. Ratch
  11. R

    Transistors

    To be more precise, charge (not current) is flowing and accumulating/depleting to/from the plates. What do you mean by flowing around the device? Is there a conduction path like a wire across the terminals of the cap? Ratch
  12. R

    Transistors

    Tunneling can occur in junction diodes, and is another name for the Zener process. In classical physics, a particle must have an energy greater than the barrier to appear on the other side. However, if the barrier is very thin, the carrier may tunnel through the barrier if a large nunber of...
  13. R

    Transistors

    I am saying that using the word "charging" in this case is a misnomer. The correct word is "energizing". It is just another capacitor that can be energized. Yes, there is current existing in both leads of the cap, but it is charge movement that goes/returns to/from the plates, but never...
  14. R

    Transistors

    Yes, and the point is? We could also use quantum mechanics to explain a simple circuit and make it even longer and more complicated. And the point is? I never said that other nonelectrical meanings of charged should not be used. Make sure you specify that charging the cell means charging...
  15. R

    Transistors

    I see you have been reading Bill Beaty's website. http://amasci.com/ The first thing you should do is not say "current flow". Current is charge flow, so current flow means "charge flow flow", which is redundant and ridiculous. You should instead say "charge flow" or "current exists". Next...
  16. R

    Transistors

    I described what happens when the BJT is in the active region. I think you are referring to when the BJT is in equilibrium. This is a disparate subject as far as this thread goes. I suggest you refer to and gain understanding from a good book on semiconductor physics. Ratch
  17. R

    Transistors

    No, I have not. I like to keep myself in the real world. The following link shows what is typical from hundreds of sources of false information in textbooks and lectures. Ratch http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/trans.html
  18. R

    Transistors

    For designing circuits, one wants something that helps make a device do something. One doesn't really care how it works. So one concentrates on the device model. Perhaps so, but one will be a better designer if the device physics can be correlated with the model. The number of models are...
  19. R

    Transistors

    If whomever told you that meant a BJT and a FET worked the same way, he was dead wrong. A BJT is a bipolar device. It uses two different charge carriers (holes AND electrons) to make a current. A FET is a unipolar device. It uses one charge carrier (holes OR electrons) to make a current. A...
  20. R

    Transistors

    Well, there is not a "large electric field" that attracts/repells more charge carriers into the base. A BJT is a diffusion device. From the moment the PN junction of the BJT is manufactured, the holes from the P-type material will diffuse into the N-type material and vice versa. The electrons...
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