I am wondering, what is the purpose of C1 (22μF, 50V)?
If the rain sensor becomes sufficiently conductive, because a rain-drop hits it, then Q2 (2N2222), will conduct through R3 (10kΩ), the base-emitter junction of Q1 (BC548), LED1, and R2 (330Ω). Thus, Q1 conducts and LED1 illuminates if the...