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  1. N

    How to make transistor ON

    Look up circuit configurations for NPN & PNP transistors. The symmetry of these may be what you are looking for. For example from https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/transistor/tran_2.html and https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/transistor/tran_3.html Ok, more troubles with even small...
  2. N

    The 2 capacitor paradox

    So, capacitors leak & meters drain current. Measure it with the power connected. The sum of voltages all the way round should be zero, so the battery drops in stages round the circuit. If it's just two capacitors and no current to speak of, then the capacitors charge to sum to the battery...
  3. N

    The 2 capacitor paradox

    So you put two capacitors in series across a voltage source. Then removed the supply? Then measured the voltage on each, after some time, hence internal leakage, with a voltmeter of finite resistance, hence drawing current. and measured less than the voltage divided by two? Is that it? . Would...
  4. N

    The 2 capacitor paradox

    What did you do?
  5. N

    Requirement of RGB LED

    No RGB led will do "all posible colours" in terms of all colours that you can see. Usually however you can get more than enough colours. For LEDs, current, eg 200mA, usually translates to intensity, brightness, so required intensity and as a consequence current, is usually determined by the...
  6. N

    analogue pong circuit I found on the internet

    Thought your background was AI? Not sure those guys ever obsess about simplifying things. thought they just threw larger processors at thtings.
  7. N

    I cant find where to buy spark gap "circuit interrupters"

    "Power" is energy over time. You are not making energy, so you can use that energy at any rate you can manage, but net energy is just the same, unless you are getting more from somewhere. Capacitors store charge, at some voltage. They store energy. You can put it in & take it out, but it does...
  8. N

    I cant find where to buy spark gap "circuit interrupters"

    "Power"? Maybe, but energy-wise you can only get out what you put into passive components. Anyway, happy to keep guessing. Maybe we will eventually chance upon something useful to you. Enjoy.
  9. N

    I cant find where to buy spark gap "circuit interrupters"

    PS: Transformers are also amplifiers. :) (sort of)
  10. N

    I cant find where to buy spark gap "circuit interrupters"

    No idea what you mean. Just an aside. Just a comment. Don't let it stop you, but, ... I see that multiple people are happy to help with answers to how components and circuits work or will work. Sites like this attract such useful people. . Some other discussions from time to time are about...
  11. N

    I cant find where to buy spark gap "circuit interrupters"

    Neons?
  12. N

    Hello, need a little help with this?

    Sorry, for the aside, but confused. Isn't he on 120v & has 240volt appliances " switch up to the 220v being installed in my house" - Is it standrard in Canada to be able to specify either?
  13. N

    Novel voltage doubler circuit need help plz

    Some of us have very fond memories of thermal runaway in Ge transistors. A great motivation to learn how things worked, that was. Modern devices developed and replaced others for a reason, yes.
  14. N

    Why a pull down resistor for transistor base

    It might be easy to miss the excellent message here. The data sheets of the transitors will give values, parameters that let you calculate whether is works, off when supposed to be and on when supposed to be. But, even more it will give ranges of values as well as typical values. Here's where...
  15. N

    Novel voltage doubler circuit need help plz

    It's more of the style of a Marx generator with resistors for the spark gaps.
  16. N

    Why is it PNP instead of PPN for transistors

    Interesting that those two go together too. The corridor below me, here, always sees large "dewer"s metal Dewer bottles (Like large grey metal egg-shaped bubbles in cradles to make tipping them easy) of liquid nitrogen used in the HTS High temperature Superconductor work. Superconductors...
  17. N

    Circuit help: momentary bi-directional DC motor control

    What sort of output power is required? As in, do you have a concept of the motor size that is appropriate to the role? . Available patched to work as arduino, the attiny range would likely do it as you suggest, if programming is for you. For simple, short delays, 2 seconds, that do not have to...
  18. N

    Will a voltage divider waste power?

    Sorry, not sure where you were wanting to go with this, but have you looked into working out the resistive load (possible equivalent to the work you want done) on something that maximises the power transferred. Maximum power transfer theorem...
  19. N

    LED Forward Current vs Forward Voltage

    Can you explain "voltage bins"? . Generally, given a colour, the led will have one curve. Nominally, to a reasonable approximation at low current, a fixed voltage, but actually one curve.
  20. N

    What causes more energy loss out of an LED or a SPARK gap

    Keep it small or low frequency. Electronics history is full of spark gap oscillators that in today's world might interfere with radio and essential services and possible bring the attention of the authorities.
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