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  1. K

    Coupling capacitors

    I believe that a coupling capacitor is directly affected by DC. I am talking about low value capacitors that see the signal as discreet DC values because the signal rate of change is low. I can prove this theoretically. Whenever the signal goes DC, the other side of the capacitor will go to it's...
  2. K

    Working of a PLL

    A PLL has it's beginnings in the ideal situation of zero time difference. Although there is a feedback loop, there should be practically zero time difference. The voltage at the VCO is what's important. The signal takes the frequency up and the correction voltage from the phase comparator pulls...
  3. K

    biasing A Transister

    I think I get what you are saying. The voltage at the base is found by taking the collector current, dividing by beta, getting the base current, and calculating. Only multiply the emitter resistor by beta when you are examining the change in base current with a signal. The reason is you cannot...
  4. K

    OPTOCOUPLERS

    Optocouplers are used primarily in digital applications. The reason is that their intensity with respect to voltage is cannot be uniform. It would be nice to use them for coupling signals but because they are transducers, they are not as linear as a transistor arrangement. Some say they are used...
  5. K

    Piggy-backed PC power supplies?

    I would never suggest paralleling a power supply because the loads become variable and that could lead to poorer regulation. Some might say it is neglible when the load current demands are a small variable as opposed to large change in current which is a large variable. The output of the...
  6. K

    multiplier

    A multiplier is a great way of producing a DC voltage with a sinewave input. I even think the multiplier unlike the charge pump can deliver straight to the load at the peak of the cycle. This means that the output current can be higher and a heavy load will just affect the voltage you are able...
  7. K

    fm tranismiter

    Hey Audioguru. How are you? What keeps Q2 and Q3 from creating too large a signal. Couldn't you use a parallel resistor to keep the gain down? We must know that the signal is constantly modulating a carrier and anytime the carrier is thrown into cutoff or saturation the meaning of the signal is...
  8. K

    OPTOCOUPLERS

    Yes, somebody can. I can only speculate for you the efficency. Have you ever heard of an optocoupler that couples a signal? I have not. So I would be inclined to say that their efficiancy is not that high.
  9. K

    25 Khz oscillator

    Oh I made a mistake. The emitter of the transistor is not grounded. It goes to -12 volts.
  10. K

    Designing feedback amplifier

    Audioguru, just draw out some imaginary voltages around the opamp and let yourself be the judge.
  11. K

    25 Khz oscillator

    Here is something I dredged up in the way of sine wave oscillators. It incorporates a low pass and high pass filter and amplifies noise into a single rate of change.
  12. K

    How to Design A Solar Tracker?

    I am just a beginner on the subject but it seems you want to rotate the solar panel to get the greatest voltage. To rotate the motor in a certain fashion will require microprocessor generated digital pulses. You just send the code. You will need two motors, the vertical and horizontal. You can...
  13. K

    Designing feedback amplifier

    Feedback creates a special condition of the voltage. You dictate the signal size onto the PN junction.In this case ,you are reducing the signal size at the PN junction. That is all that feedback is about.
  14. K

    opamp biasing class A

    Here is the link that describes the output bias current of an opamp. You will see many circuits that do not have a DC bias current. http://tangentsoft.net/audio/opamp-bias.html
  15. K

    60 Hz sine wave oscillator.

    There is something interesting to point out here. Notice the output capacitor to separate bias. It is often desireable in a circuit to avoid the bias seperation. Sometimes it is enevitablely necessary. Incidentally, you might want to change the 1kohm into a 10kohm if you experience clipping.
  16. K

    60 Hz sine wave oscillator.

    Here is a circuit which takes the apparent sine wave to 10Vpp. The transistor is a TIP 31 NPN type.
  17. K

    60 Hz sine wave oscillator.

    Audioguru, there is a good sinewave generated from my oscillator. There is a low pass and a high pass filter. I just altered the wein bridge to show how it could be done. My oscillator has 360 degrees feedback or it must. Remember that positive feedback can cause oscillation before 360 degrees...
  18. K

    60 Hz sine wave oscillator.

    Hello. This is my 60 hz sinewave oscillator.
  19. K

    3 stage timer design

    I am sorry if I offended you a little bit. My comments were just nonchalant and I meant it the nicest way.
  20. K

    3 stage timer design

    Just looking at your circuit makes me dizzy. I can give you a few general guidelines to use when designing logic. I don't see a clock associated with your flipflop. Flipflops can be useful but are harder to implement than a latch. Organize your circuit so that you have separated the components...
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