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  1. Arouse1973

    np=ni^2 in doped semiconductors

    I believe it's because it is a "concentration" P=(ni^2)/n so if n goes up p goes down and the material is n-type because n=ND-NA. And on the flip side n=(ni^2)/p is a p-type material because P=NA-ND. NA and ND are acceptor and donor atoms respectively. Thanks Adam
  2. Arouse1973

    I require help repairing a Kitchenaid Water Kettle

    I have always thought you were special Martin :)
  3. Arouse1973

    I require help repairing a Kitchenaid Water Kettle

    I got long legs and run fast that's all :) Let's see what he or she comes back with. Seems an interesting thread, I might stick around. Adam
  4. Arouse1973

    Anyone made a sound card oscilloscope?

    I know someone that did. He hasn't been here for a while, his name was Steve Garratt, but can remember his login name he wrote a book which he gave me a free copy...
  5. Arouse1973

    Board needed!

    Hello, welcome to EP This can be done, what size battery is it. Adam
  6. Arouse1973

    Question about current sources - Not getting the correct current through load

    We had a guy just out of Uni, green as a cucumber. Designing a simple transistor switch. He asked me for a 1.589879 K resistor. I said they are out the back next to the 100.23587 uH inductors, just bellow the 100.325478 pF capacitors :)
  7. Arouse1973

    I require help repairing a Kitchenaid Water Kettle

    I think either the feed to the transformer is missing, the crimps and or wiring to and from the transformer are faulty or the transformer itself is faulty. Thanks Adam
  8. Arouse1973

    Question about current sources - Not getting the correct current through load

    Hi Robert I think your right, it's the tolerance of real life components. The current that will pass through the LED will be the voltage appearing across the emitter resistor divided by the emitter resistance. If you actually measure the voltage and resistor value you should see that they match...
  9. Arouse1973

    I require help repairing a Kitchenaid Water Kettle

    Can you check the output of the brown transformer, it's on the left of all of your pictures. Use the A.C voltage setting of your meter. It's the two white wires not the black and red wires. Thanks Adam
  10. Arouse1973

    New Member - which forum for a simple question about using TINA ?

    Yeah you could do that also. Adam
  11. Arouse1973

    New Member - which forum for a simple question about using TINA ?

    Hi Pat Looks like you have to set them up when you install Tina :( Adam
  12. Arouse1973

    Risk of damage using an unregulated power supply

    It's ok I think we are all guilty of this to some respect. I am guilty of having a pop at Colin at times, but it's out of frustration rather than anything else. Adam
  13. Arouse1973

    Risk of damage using an unregulated power supply

    Blimey Colin, more than one sentence..... I am impressed. Where in the original thread did he say he had connected a resistor? We don't know what he is powering unfortunately he doesn't say. Although I agree that changing the switches could be an option. What we don't know is the tolerance in...
  14. Arouse1973

    New Member - which forum for a simple question about using TINA ?

    Hi Pat It's nice to see a complete circuit diagram. I hope it goes well. I might email Design Soft and ask them. Adam
  15. Arouse1973

    How does an op-Amp make the inputs the same?

    Why did you laugh? You do know the basic, I dont understand why your having trouble with the opamp output. You seem to know the answer. Adam
  16. Arouse1973

    How does an op-Amp make the inputs the same?

    Ok dont worry, its not easy to get all these things in your head. I think your main issue is you need a little help with voltages in an opamp. I know what its like, I'll help you understand. Give me a while. what is your general understanding of voltage and current? Be honest.....it helps us get...
  17. Arouse1973

    How does an op-Amp make the inputs the same?

    You dont need a load to have a voltage on the output. I think you are confusing voltage drop across a resistor and applied voltage like a battery. Adam
  18. Arouse1973

    RC filter

    But what happens at 50% duty cycle :) When it is a square wave? Adam
  19. Arouse1973

    RC filter

    LOL, I thought he wanted a control voltage derived from PWM. See your right we both had different things on our minds. Yes you will get a triangle ish wave, your right. But if you make the RC at least 100 times the period it will be so small. You could add an LC filter to the output if you...
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