If you are just worried about DC, then I vote for a capacitor in series with the amp output.
Two large (1mF) electrolytic capacitors back-to-back should do the job.
Not clear what you did.:confused:
Please post a diagram of all the components and there exact connection.
A MOSFET (Metal Oxide Field Effect Transistor) is a transistor and so is a BJT.
Each can work fine as a switch if they are properly rated and driven.
Then you need to remove the resistor in series with the MOV and hope the circuit power circuit impedance is enough to protect the MOV from being zapped by any transients.
Electrically there's no change when you reverse the order of two series elements.
Why would you think there is?
You circuit is still not protected from high energy spikes.
That will protect your diode but not the circuit, since now there is noting to keep circuit voltage from rising way above the TVS voltage.
You need a small resistor in series so that your circuit only sees the TVS voltage, while also limiting the TVS current.
Why do you want to use a more expensive MOSFET to replace a diode?
With a 3.3V output from the regulator, the 0.7V drop for the 13.8V input will just reduce it to about 13.1V, which will have no effect on proper circuit operation.
And why did you get rid of the series resistor?
That helps...
You are confusing the feedback factor (gain) with the output voltage from that gain.
If the input is 0V, then the output will be the gain x 0V = 0V.
The voltage being amplified has no effect on the gain of the circuit.
Make sense?
That fault is especially annoying if the main's power goes out, since you then have to remember to go around and turn them all off after the power returns.
To increase a voltage you need a boost (or buck-boost) switching regulator.
As Harold noted, an off-the-shelf module will be the simplest and cheapest way to do that.
Otherwise buy an adapter with a higher voltage.
Since I haven't seen a full schematic, only a simplified diagram of the connections, I cannot make an informed answer to that question.
If you built the circuit without a schematic, then how do you know it's correct?