Decoding CAN Data for LEVs

[devraj.panchal]

I'm a research student working on chargers for light electric vehicles (LEVs). I've built an in-house charger for 48V with a maximum current of 40A, and I’m testing it with various autorickshaws and two-wheelers in real-world conditions. One challenge I'm facing is that LEVs use a CAN protocol to communicate with chargers about their voltage and current needs, but there isn't a standard protocol like there is for cars. I’ve tried looking into protocols like SAE J1939, IEC 61850-24, and IS 17017-24, but none of them match. Can anyone suggest other protocols that LEVs might be using? Also, is there a way to decode the raw CAN data that I’m collecting during these tests?

Note: No I cannot test this on any test bench setup as this is supposed to be a field trial.

P.S. I am new at posting questions hence forgive any improper writing skills

 

[Kiwi]

Have you tried LIN bus? This is based on K-line (ISO 9141).

 

[Delta Prime]

I know that e-bikes, are equipped with embedded CAN-based interface to communicate with batteries, HMIs, and EMS (energy management system) host controllers, but the higher-layer protocol is mainly proprietary. You're out of luck kiddo.
they are based on the CAN CC (classic) protocol.Energybus
and CiA organizations have developed based on CANopen
CC some specifications for energy management is the(CiA 454 series).
Standardized CANopen CC approach is already partly internationally standardized IEC 61851-3-4 and IEC 61851-3-5. These two technical specifications describe a CANopen-based communication interface between the battery of light electric
vehicle I'm& a charging station.
To give you a hint in my research the last two protocols enabled me to access the higher layer proprietary protocols,manufacturer specific.
changing over voltage,over current under voltage undercurrent along with watch dog timer commands as well as thermal management of the battery pack both positive and negative coefficient thermistors.
IEC 61851-25 standard, the Protocol describes all details of technical specifications which are not fully illustrated in the international standard.

 

[Delta Prime]

Tools and Equipment Needed to Read CAN bus Data​

https://www.autopi.io/blog/how-to-read-can-bus-data/#:~:text=You'll%20need%20software%20to,data%20in%20a%20readable%20format.&text=Various%20cables%20are%20needed%20to,CAN%20network%20and%20your%20computer.

It’s just not one protocol that is used CAN, Modbus, ISO 15118, because EV is also include ethernet & Bluetooth,collectively they contribute to EVs’ seamless operation.
For example; standardized interface, ISO 15118 is used for interoperability between manufacturers and charging stations. This “international” standard incorporates two main components — the electric vehicle communication controller (EVCC) and the supply equipment communication controller (SECC). The EVCC is the controller within the vehicle that handles communication with the charging station. SECC is the controller within the charging station responsible for communication with the EV.
CAN CC enables o safety features like regenerative braking, traction control, and electronic stability control to function effectively. The bus allows real-time communication between the brake system and motor controller to apply regenerative braking.
CAN is also used for smart grid technologies like V2G also use the bus to communicate between the EV and the grid. EVs can receive power from and send power back to the grid (V2G), supporting grid stability and energy management.
CAN in conjunction with ISO 15118
will likely incorporate WPD (wireless power delivery) charging and advanced energy management capabilities in the future.
CHAdeMO, “CHArging deMO,” is a Japanese-developed fast-charging standard for EVs. It supports alternating current (ac) and direct current (dc) charging, allowing rapid vehicle charging. Compared to the widespread public stations or at home, it uses a unique direct current (dc) method that charges batteries exceptionally quickly.
Where CAN bus is used for data communication among vehicle components, Modbus is used for communication between specific modules, such as auxiliary power units, cooling systems, or battery heaters.
By the way, as Sir @Kiwi stated
ISO9141 Local interconnect network
(LIN) is a simple communication
Serial protocol for low-cost data exchange between low-power microcontrollers in vehicles. While CAN remains the primary communication standard for EVs, LIN plays a supporting role, catering to basic functions and legacy systems.
In conventional cars, LIN controls door locks, windows, mirrors, seats, and interior lighting and sends commands to the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems. The instrument cluster uses LIN to communicate information related to the fuel level, speed, warning lights, and basic sensor data like coolant temperature or air pressure. In EVs, LIN has a limited role,

Standardised Communication Protocols for EV charging | EVBoosters

The number of EVs available for aggregation increases the flexibility of the power grid. Power system stakeholders have an interest in promoting transport electrification and ensuring that EVs, EVSEs, and the power system use the same communication protocols.

evmarketsreports.com