Since you don't know the function of each component in this very simple amplifier circuit then you don't know the basics of electronics.
Your teacher will probably cut the circuit apart:
1) The mic is an electret type that you can read about in Google. It must be powered from a filtered supply. Which components power it and which components are the filter?
2) Opamp IC1a is a very simple preamp that has only 2 resistors. What is the function of the resistors?
3) Opamp IC1b is a Sallen and Key second-order Butterworth Lowpass filter that you can read about in Google. Why is the gain of the opamp set to 1.59, why do R5 and R6 have the same value and why do C3 and C4 have the same value?
4) What is the function of R10 and R12?
5) Read about the components with the LM386 power amp in its datasheet.