Ugg. Put everything back together and although the brake is getting voltage, it's not controllable and the resistance is way too high.
So, back to the drawing board. I see two options after checking the control board (the other board, not this power board) again to see if there's any obviously damage components:
1) Replace the components that I removed, tested and reinstalled on the power board in the (somewhat unlikely?) event one of them isn't functioning properly. Relatively cheap, easy fix if it works.
2) Punt. Buy a variable DC power supply and attach it to the brake so I can manually control the resistance. At least now I know a couple things about the brake. First, the voltage going to the brake (which is beyond the maximum that I'd ever use, based on the resistance that it's creating). Secondly, I haven't measured it yet, but the DC amperage going to the brake, again which is currently beyond the maximum that I'd ever use based on the resistance.
So here's a question: What will have more effect on the resistance brake, amperage or voltage? I suppose if I do punt, it would take some trial and error with a variable DC power supply to figure that out.