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    Circuit component clarification

    This is a UART circuit i am referring to The top L45 600 Ohm, i assume it is inductor but it mentions as Ohms at several places in the schematic for each power source. Two questions are 1. Is it inductor or resistor and the ohm is printing mistake? 2. What is the purpose of placing the...
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    Inrush Current for Capacitive Load

    I read that for the capacitive loads there will be inrush current. But if you see the circuit below or in general and if a step input of 12V given, As per the impedance formula the Z=1/j*w*C, the capacitor shall offer infinite impedance and the capacitor will act as open circuit and the...
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    Microcontroller Hardware design schematics

    i find in many of the microcontroller based hardware schematics the power provided to micro consists of several capacitors in parallel, what is the reason? For example What are the other checks to be done, as i need to do a hardware schematic. Please advise.
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    Microcontroller Interrupt Clarification

    I wanted to know, if i setup a 1us timer interrupt in a microcontroller, and also reading the ADC interrupt or any other interrupt and if i exceed the 1us interrupt and the current code of execution is in ADC or other ISR, then it is not correct method of design or programming? Or based on if...
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    Circuit Analysis

    I want to do circuit analysis for below circuit "I" is the current source of type sine wave, The equations are 5 - 10 * i2 - 1000(i+i1+i2) = vout -> eq1 Integral(i1) dt * 10^6 = i2 -> eq2 I +i1 = i2 -> eq3 Please help me to know if the above 3 equations are correct?
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    Phase voltage Measurement

    If i want to measure the 3 phase voltages and currents using simple microcontroller, i observe that there is a current transformer with output given to a micro controller i can read the currents. Do we have any similar devices to measure phase voltages up to 400V using micro controller, or any...
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    Circuit Simulation of LTC3703

    I am trying to simulate the circuit which is a smaller part of the bigger circuit of the buck converter IC LTC3703 data sheet https://www.analog.com/en/products/ltc3703.html, the smaller circuit i have attached, which is on page 17, i created the LT spice model for the same, my expectation is...
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    Buck Converter Clarification

    I found the following formula for the buck converter, for example if the requirement is Input voltage is 24V and the output voltage is 12V, using the standard buck circuit the duty cycle is calculated as D = output voltage / input voltage = 12/24 = 50% duty cycle. But i need to design a circuit...
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    Product life question

    If the general requirement for a product to be designed for example some 200,000 km and some 10 years of service life. How exactly this shall be taken care or ensured that this will happen without failing for the new product?
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    Strategy for Over Voltage

    I want to understand the strategy of over voltage protection. Suppose i detect the over voltage using software and then control the outputs by switching off, then the system comes back to normal voltage. But again if i do full operation it again goes to over voltage. I really do not understand...
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    Peak Power and Nominal power of motor

    I have a controller which can control the motor (BLDC). There are generally two ratings of the motor Nominal power rating and the Rated power rating (Peak power) for certain duration, for example 1KW (nominal) and 2KW (Peak). Now my question is if i want to attain the rated power rating 2KW, how...
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    Identifying the direction of rotation

    If I have a pot connected as below from a reference schematic, I want to understand the CW and CCW of rotation in software. The AVDD voltage is 3.3v, my understanding is when the voltage is increasing from 0V to 3.3V then it is clockwise and if the voltage is decreasing from 3.3V to 0V it is...
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    Measuring negative current

    I have one doubt in the below circuit, the circuit is for measuring the current I have not put in all the components, but the gain of the opamp is around 15. When the current is 0 i read at the output of the micro 1.65V. When the current is flowing from Point A to Point B the voltage at the...
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    Power supply with current output

    I know that if i have linear power supply of 0 to 5V, i can vary voltage from 0v to 5V. But do we have a power source which gives me current output instead of voltage from let us say 0amp to 5amp etc? I want to buy.
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    Circuit Clarification

    What does the below circuit represent I have not shown the complete circuit, but V_M1, V_M2, V_M3 are motor voltages, what information does REC_NEUTR give?
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    Calculation of motor speed

    This is the source of the application note from microchip AN1078 /* End speed converted to fit the startup ramp */ #define END_SPEED (END_SPEED_RPM * NOPOLESPAIRS * LOOPTIME_SEC * 65536 / 60.0)*1024 The formula looks like speed = 60 * f / p; One limited question generally why do we multiply with...
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    How to make transistor ON

    I want to know how to make the transistor "ON". If the Base voltage is greater than Emitter voltage by 0.7V is one standard way i know and with collector connected to VCC. One configuration i want to know is if the collector is connected to -VCC and the Base voltage is less than the Emitter...
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    Inductance of motor

    I want to know how to measure the inductance of the synchronous motor, I googled and found an LCR meter can be used. Is it correct? One other question is, i can measure the Line-Line inductance because they are only accessible points (R,Y,B). Can i assume that if L_line is the line inductance...
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    Accesse of Neutral point in 3 phase motors

    When you are controlling the 3 phase motors using a micro controller using FOC or any other methodology, i assume that ,we can only control the phase-phase voltages of the motor and not the phase - neutral voltage, this is because the neutral is never accessible from the motor. Is my...
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    Understanding of the circuit

    I am analyzing the below circuit, i know the VRef will be the voltage at the +ve terminal. The voltage at point 12 is V+ = (AVDD * R26)/(R26+R21) R26=R21 = 10K hence V+ = AVDD/2; AVDD = 3.3V then V+=VREF = 3.3/2 = 1.65V. Am i correct? But i am confused with the capacitor. Because the impedance...
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