Explain what you mean by “simultaneously” for a set of signals of different frequencies. Do they start and stop at the same time, or something else? Nothing is actually simultaneous, give us an acceptable time difference.
Also, what do you mean by “a single reference.” A reference for what...
All of which seem far more complicated than an Arduino, which could also detect faults and shut it down if it was not operating correctly.
Why the aversion to digital or programming?
Bob
You might be able to pull it apart and use the raw voltage output, eliminating the charger logic. Depends I guess on how modular the design is. If it is fully inyegrated, this might not be simple.
Bob
Electrostatic drivers are capacitors.
If the transformer was 25:1, the driving voltage is probably somewhere in the range of 100 to 400V. Do you have any specs for the headphones?
Class A is okay because the currents involved will be very small.
Bob
How are you wiring the power and ground to each component? If you are daisy-chaining them, that can cause this kind of problem. You should run power wires from each module to a single point where the power comes in (star configuration.) Also a tank capacitor at that point.
Bob
No, the internal resistance is higher on the smaller cells, so they cannot deliver as much current.
If you short circuit (not recommended) a D cell might provide 10 Amps, whereas an AAA would not even reach 1Amp.
Bob
You show two different drivers. What are the other 3? I suspect someone replaced one or more of the original drivers with ones of higher output and that is what caused the failure.
Bob
Presumably, it is from a potentiometer, same as rotary servos. You have the servo, can you not tell by inspection?
How the signal is encoded has no bearing on the question of how the position feedback is done.
Bob
It is not the average voltage that controls the servo. If you give 1.5 msec pulses at 50Hz that is a much different average voltage than the same pulses at 330Hz, but the servo will go to the same position.
Bob
The servo is not operated by average voltage, is is operated by pulse width. The pulses must be repeated at 20msec intervals. If you are late with a pulse you will get jitter.
Bob