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  1. Arouse1973

    gps vehicle tracking

    All GPS chipset need to update the ephemeris and almanac data. It needs this before it can relay PVT data. Hot starts can be active within 1 second after being turned of for say maximum of 2 hours after an initial fix but cold starts might take up to 35 seconds for say the SiRF star family of...
  2. Arouse1973

    MOSFET Bias Point

    Good explanation Harald.
  3. Arouse1973

    radio waves

    Unfortunately you don't have a choice in free air whether an EM wave is generated or not when you have a changing magnetic and electric field. They go hand in hand as Dave said. It depend on where you interact with these fields which matters. The EM wave is generated in the transition region...
  4. Arouse1973

    MOSFET Bias Point

    The easiest approach if acceptable is to make the bias point adjustable. Also choosing good quality components and Mosfets that has been designed for the type of circuit you are designing i.e. Audio. You could look at auto bias circuits but that's probably over kill for what you want. If you...
  5. Arouse1973

    penetration of em spectrum's

    Yes and that will be for materials that light can not pass through. Ones that have a higher eV rating. Adam
  6. Arouse1973

    penetration of em spectrum's

    Who told you light can't penetrate? Well I get quite a bit through my windows in the morning. Have you ever put a battery powered torch head in your mouth and seen your mouth glowing orange, if not try it on a small pen torch. Both these answers if you think carefully will help answer all your...
  7. Arouse1973

    penetration of em spectrum's

    Yes Harald right. On the left if plotted in wavelengths and on the right if frequency. So you probably are right Steve.
  8. Arouse1973

    Looking for a component marked "made in Austria"

    Is that David L Jones by any chance Steve :)
  9. Arouse1973

    Is Bluetooth 4.0 (low energy) suitable for this application?

    BLE Is a cut down version of full fat blue tooth. You are limited to 0.27Mb/s so if this is ok then yeah fine. Also the frequency hoping is only 40 x 2MHz slots instead of 79 1MHz for full bluetooth. If you have the power go for full BT. Adam
  10. Arouse1973

    Why put MOSFET's on negative side vs positive of motor

    Yes indeed gate / source is only +/-20V in this case so you have to be careful. Adam
  11. Arouse1973

    Why put MOSFET's on negative side vs positive of motor

    :)
  12. Arouse1973

    Why put MOSFET's on negative side vs positive of motor

    The benefit of using a N-channel versus a P-channel in either configuration low side or high side, is N-channel devices generally have a lower Rds(on). So for high power circuits the N-channel is preferred. But high side switching can increase the complexity of the design. Adam
  13. Arouse1973

    Why does a current source on the collector of a BJT bring kaboons of gain ?

    Ah yeah sorry LVW I didn't see his last drawing. I thought it was just a copy of the first one. Adam
  14. Arouse1973

    Why does a current source on the collector of a BJT bring kaboons of gain ?

    It will only be Ie and Ib that changes and not Ic. Otherwise the circuit wouldn't be constant current. With Vce fixed and Ic constant then it can only be Ib and Ie that changes. So for the current to remain constant if Ib and Ie changes then the gain must change to compensate. Adam
  15. Arouse1973

    Why does a current source on the collector of a BJT bring kaboons of gain ?

    Don't forget RB. Without RB the circuit won't work. Adam
  16. Arouse1973

    Why does a current source on the collector of a BJT bring kaboons of gain ?

    Hello Ehsan. What do you mean by the next stage? I don't quite understand.
  17. Arouse1973

    how to find bias so that OP amp output range is max?

    Yep Correct. I think the other question is asking you what bias voltages you need on the gates of the depletion Mosfets to give half supply point on the output, and in this case I think the output should be 0V. The other guys might read this differently. I think they mean symmetry and not...
  18. Arouse1973

    how to find bias so that OP amp output range is max?

    Ah just figured your Vt1 is what is called VTN and is the threshold voltage. I am not sure but I think it should be this Max = VDD-VSD4+VTN and Min = VSS+VSD3+VGS1
  19. Arouse1973

    how to find bias so that OP amp output range is max?

    Can you explain What V_0V4 and V_t1 is. I would have thought for the max you should be taking away all relevant voltage and not adding them as in -V_t1 and not +V_t1? What are these voltages? Adam
  20. Arouse1973

    Stub at transition line

    A stub is a piece of PCB trace that connects to the side of another PCB trace that's on the same net, there is also a via stub which is the part of the via between the second trace and the other side of the PCB or it's finishing layer. Stubs can cause problems with signal integrity due to...
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