One time at this place I worked, they had these waveguide filters that needed to be tuned. The part that you tuned appeared to be a capacitance screw that had a metal outside and a core on the inside. You put the screw into the waveguide and from there you could adjust the protruding capacitance core. Well on some types of these waveguides, the signal that was input to the waveguide through a coaxial type connector was shorted to the metal outside. It turned out that this apparent short was a filter. Just a small wire shorting the inside conductor to the metal outside. I later read in a book that sometimes a shorted piece of coaxial cable could be used as filter with a calculated Q,bandwidth, and resonant frequency.