Sure, just step-up the voltage with a transformer. A cheap, small audio transformer that has a 1K primary and an 8 ohm secondary will work if you connect the 1K terminals to the neon bulb (you may also need a current-limiting resisor in series with the bulb) and the 8 ohm terminals to the speaker output of a radio or amplifier.
You can also try touching the 1K terminals with one hand to get some small jolts with the music.!