Chimneys can be quite complicated. In real life, they are not straight up. They are designed to draw upwards and out. We use ‘smoke sticks’ to test for a draw.
Perhaps your model chimney doesn’t draw and is recirculating inside.
As an experiment, I would try a push pull affect. A fan (slow) pushing the air into the bottom of the chimney and a fan (slow) pulling air from the top of the chimney. If this works, you may get away with a small fan at the top and put the ‘smoke’ directly into the bottom of the chimney.