An AC TRIAC lamp dimmer will reduce the fan speed, but introduce harmonics and often generates a buzz in the motor.
I am presently using a high-voltage capacitor in series with a fan to quietly lower its speed and the power it consumes.
Try a 1µF or more non-polarized (film type) 400V...
Yes, when the transistor is on, the base-emitter voltage of a silicon transistor is about 0.7V.
Since the LED requires more voltage than that to turn on, it will not conduct any current and will look like an open circuit.
Since there is no path for the op amp input bias current, the output will likely go to one of the supply rails and stay there.
The capacitor will have no other effect on the circuit response, even if you did provide a DC path.
That can be difficult to prevent.
One way is to use an analog switch to not connect the output to the load, until the circuit has settled to it's quiescent condition.
The Pot output can be noisy when it is being rotated.
What is the pot resistance?
How fast is the pot moving?
What is the voltage on the pot?
What is the load on the pot output?
Can you filter the pot output to reduce the noise?
Not really.
If you answer our questions and tell us exactly what you want to power with this circuit, then we can better suggest a circuit for your needs.
Didn't know this was for production, as my circuit was not particularly designed for minimum production cost
The relay is a significant cost and will depend upon the load.
Does it have to be a relay controlling the load?
How many do you expect to sell?
Below is the LTspice simulation of a circuit, that should do what you want:
It uses a MOSFET (M1) to power the relay coil from the R2-C1 momentarily gate signal when the +12V is applied (blue trace) until the relay pulls in and is latched by the ground connection through one of the relay's NO...
Not exactly.
It's a common emitter-follower series regulator controlled by a shunt Zener diode reference.
It has no feedback from the output so has poor regulation.
If you really want over-voltage protection then you could use an SCR crowbar circuit, that shorts the alternator output and blows the fuse you have added (or opens an added breaker) if the voltage exceeds a preset value.
I can post such a circuit if you are interested in building one.
At what...
Likely the bridge supply comes up more slowly then connecting it to the DC supply so the TR signal doesn't say low, long enough.
Try increasing the value of C1 to 10µF or greater (and/or increasing the value of R3).