Isn't that backwards?
I thought higher impedance meant smaller dia center conductors
and hence higher losses. (I use the tiny center conductors
in scope probe cables to remember the sign bit.)
I'm pretty sure the old coax Ethernet used 50 ohms rather than 75
because it had lower losses.
from:
http://www.epanorama.net/documents/wiring/cable_impedance.html ,
about 2/3 way down the page:
"Why 50 ohm coax ?
Standard coaxial line impedance for r.f. power transmission in the U.S.
is almost exclusively 50 ohms. Why this value was chosen is given in a
paper presented by _Bird Electronic Corp._ Standard coaxial line
impedance for r.f. power transmission in the U.S. is almost exclusively
50 ohms. Why this value was chosen is given in a paper presented by Bird
Electronic Corp.
Different impedance values are optimum for different parameters. Maximum
power-carrying capability occurs at a diameter ratio of 1.65
corresponding to 30-ohms impedance. Optimum diameter ratio for voltage
breakdown is 2.7 corresponding to 60-ohms impedance (incidentally, the
standard impedance in many European countries).
Power carrying capacity on breakdown ignores current density which is
high at low impedances such as 30 ohms. Attenuation due to conductor
losses alone is almost 50% higher at that impedance than at the minimum
attenuation impedance of 77 ohms (diameter ratio 3.6). This ratio,
however, is limited to only one half maximum power of a 30-ohm line.
In the early days, microwave power was hard to come by and lines could
not be taxed to capacity. Therefore low attenuation was the overriding
factor leading to the selection of 77 (or 75) ohms as a standard. This
resulted in hardware of certain fixed dimensions. When low-loss
dielectric materials made the flexible line practical, the line
dimensions remained unchanged to permit mating with existing equipment.
The dielectric constant of polyethylene is 2.3. Impedance of a 77-ohm
air line is reduced to 51 ohms when filled with polyethylene. Fifty-one
ohms is still in use today though the standard for precision is 50 ohms.
The attenuation is minimum at 77 ohms; the breakdown voltage is maximum
at 60 ohms and the power-carrying capacity is maximum at 30 ohms.
Another thing which might have lead to 50 ohm coax is that if you take a
reasonable sized center conductor and put a insulator around that and
then put a shield around that and choose all the dimensions so that they
are convenient and mechanically look good, then the impedance will come
out at about 50 ohms. In order to raise the impedance, the center
conductor's diameter needs to be tiny with respect to the overall
cable's size. And in order to lower the impedance, the thickness of the
insulation between the inner conductor and the shield must be made very
thin. Since almost any coax that *looks* good for mechanical reasons
just happens to come out at close to 50 ohms anyway, there was a natural
tendency for standardization at exactly 50 ohms."