What happens if you plug the cable just into the socket without the socket being soldered to the PCB?. Only cable+socket, nothing else.
Let's try this step by step:
1) de-solder both connectors from the PCB
2) plug cable into the type B connector.
If o.k., proceed
If not o.k., check the type B connector
3) solder type B connector to PCB and repeat check no. 2.
If o.k., proceed
If not o.k., check the PCB and the soldering of type B
4) solder type A connector to PCB and repeat check no. 2.
If o.k., proceed
If not o.k., check the PCB and the soldering of type A
5) plug converter into type A connector
If o.k., proceed
If not o.k., check converter
I'm sorry, I'm running out of ideas otherwise.
Is there a reason you have connected GND to the shield of the Aconnector?
Let's try this step by step:
1) de-solder both connectors from the PCB
2) plug cable into the type B connector.
If o.k., proceed
If not o.k., check the type B connector
3) solder type B connector to PCB and repeat check no. 2.
If o.k., proceed
If not o.k., check the PCB and the soldering of type B
4) solder type A connector to PCB and repeat check no. 2.
If o.k., proceed
If not o.k., check the PCB and the soldering of type A
5) plug converter into type A connector
If o.k., proceed
If not o.k., check converter
I'm sorry, I'm running out of ideas otherwise.