Kevin Weddle

There are non-polarized electrolytic type capacitors, and they are good when you need high capacitance without worrying about polarity. But I don't know if any products use them.

Can you compare the output of two parallel A/D converters and produce a better conversion? A comparator at the output of both A/D converters could produce more accuracy. An example is a differential opamp where common mode noise is eliminated by two inputs.

Voltage regulators are available for all voltage and current requirements. A typical high power battery charger might have a microcontroller and a voltage regulator. Efficiency is the main concern with high power battery chargers.

Turn-on voltage .6V. All designs are depenedent on voltage and curent. Voltage is a real consideration. But you can use any value of voltage for a circuit.

ESR is a rating. But a 1000uF capacitor is only good for low frequency.

MOSFETS and biploar transistors are very similar. MOSFETS don't have base current, which seems easier for design purposes. And their transfer curve is much better. Why are MOSFETS only used in output power stages?

Doesn't a broken peice of wire cause capacitance? How much distortion does a good size capacitor cause?

What makes a transistor circuit high frequency? Some are high frequency, but are the lower frequency transistors cheaper?

Power supplies are somewhat general purpose. Even though many electronics equipment utilize external power supplies, most have their own additional supplies which are designed for the product. It's only because the power supply might be inadequate for the circuit.

120Vac from the outlet is not a microwave signal. Regulators are linear. The circuit is non-linear.

When the signal reaches a point of DC, the gain is open loop. Anything near DC is open loop. There is always some current from output to input, even with just a capacitor. So it's feedback current and not voltage reducing that's more important.

I'm not up to date if that's what you mean. I really don't have good access to high end electronics.

Video processing circuits are a good example. Much more complicated than most integrated circuits. Your really talking about the mathematics of electronics.

Amplifier designs are easier, but many IC's have designs so large that they are hard to understand. It's guess work to me.

Does anybody know about IC's. I've seen many electronics components, but haven't researched their designs. How complicated can they be?

Wind turbine rotors are manufactured to perform the best at which they are designed for. They probably utilize the best in electromagnetics and mechanical technology.

That just means the opamp is functional and can withstand the voltage level. Opamps are normally biased midpoint of the supply voltage. If you operate the opamp at some other common mode voltage, you may get a better output. Discrete transistors operate ideal at their own bias currents. I think a higher transistor current allows for safer biasing, but you have to be within circuit constraints.

That's right, you have to be able to match the IC amplifiers output with load. Some IC data sheets recommend additional circuitry.

A common mode voltage range? You mean low noise.

Are they high power IC's? Then why do they have to add power transistors in final stage amplification.

An integrator only has a capacitor feedback, but most opamps also include a feedback resistor. But not all integrators have just a capcitor feedback.

A battery can lose voltage, but it is probably better voltage regulation and a lot less noise than a conventional power supply. The problem occurs in the ripple output of the rectifiers. It's just a filtered varying voltage source.

Does amplifier feedback create more stability because of the DC biasing? There is nothing to combining the input with output.

Why do final stage amplifers tend to use discrete transistors? If the previous stage is an integrated IC, why can't the last stage be?

I built a simple parallel LC and found about only 1Kohm resistance at resonance. Is this typical for power supply size components?