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sam.moshiri

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sam.moshiri last won the day on April 17 2021

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  1. The core element of any electronic device is the power supply. Any instability or malfunction of the power supply causes the device to malfunction or demonstrate weird behavior. In some sensitive applications, we need a dual voltage-rail power supply to prepare a high current and low noise voltage at the output. In this article/video, I introduced a low-noise AC-to-DC power supply that can handle up to 4A continuously and accept input voltages up to 35V-AC. To design this power supply, I decided to use an enhanced capacitance multiplier circuit. I paid high attention to good grounding, assigned the top layer of the PCB to the ground, and drew power planes instead of tracks to carry high currents. As a result, I could not detect any noise or ripple at the output even at the maximum output current! The PCB board has two layers and to ensure high-quality fabricated boards, I sent the Gerber files to PCBWay. I tested the board for voltage drop, current delivery, and output noise. I used Siglent SDL1020X-E DC Load and Siglent SDS2102X Plus oscilloscope to perform all tests. I’m confident that this design satisfies your needs in many applications. Schematic + PCB + Full Detail: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/Low_Noise_45V_4A_Dual_Rail_Power_Supply_Using_Enhanced_Capacitance_Multiplier_8a031b5e.html Specifications Input Voltage (max): 35V-AC Output Current: 4A Continuous Output Noise/Ripple: Very Low Output Voltage: 45V-DC (maximum safe, under no load)
  2. The key part of any electronic device is the power supply. Any instability or malfunction of the power supply part causes the device to stop working or demonstrate weird behavior. In this article/video, I introduced an AC-to-DC flyback Switching power supply that converts 85V-260VAC to 5VDC-2.5A, which can be used in various applications. The 5V selection for the output makes it friendly for linear regulators that convert 5VDC to lower voltages. The maximum power delivery of this power supply is around 12W, which means it can handle 2.5A at 5V output. The controller chip is DK1203, which does not need any external supply, a startup resistor, or an auxiliary winding on the transformer. The ferrite core of the transformer is EE20. A potentiometer allows you to adjust the output voltage and set it exactly at 5.0V. To design the schematic and PCB, I used Altium Designer 23 and shared the PCB project with my friends for feedback and updates using Altium-365. The fast component search engine, Octopart, proved invaluable in quickly obtaining component information and generating the Bill of Materials (BOM). To ensure high-quality fabricated boards, I sent the Gerber files to PCBWay. I tested the board for voltage drop, current delivery, and output noise. I used Siglent SDL1020X-E DC Load and Siglent SDS2102X Plus oscilloscope to perform all tests. I am confident that building this circuit enhances your knowledge regarding switching power supply design, except for using it for real applications. Schematic + PCB + Transformer: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/85V_260VAC_to_5VDC_2_5A_Flyback_Switching_Power_Supply_b7f49beb.html References [1]: DK1203: https://grupoautcomp.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Specification-IC-DK1203.pdf [2]: 500mA Fuse: https://octopart.com/39211000440-littelfuse-39590771?r=sp [3]: 07D471 Varistor: https://octopart.com/mov-07d471ktr-bourns-19184728?r=sp [4]: 100nF X2: https://octopart.com/r463i310050m1k-kemet-50550056?r=sp [5]: UU9.8 Choke: https://octopart.com/7355-h-rc-bourns-12614152?r=sp [6]: MB6M Bridge: https://octopart.com/mb6m-e3%2F45-vishay-42761003?r=sp [7]: 22uF-400V: https://octopart.com/eca2ghg220-panasonic-3578224?r=sp [8]: RS1M Diode: https://octopart.com/rs1m-13-f-diodes+inc.-333072?r=sp [9]: PC817 Optocoupler: https://octopart.com/pc817xnnsz1b-sharp-80823687?r=sp [10]: TL431 Shunt: https://octopart.com/tl431acdbvr-texas+instruments-521839?r=sp [11]: SS54 Schottky Diode: https://octopart.com/ss54-multicomp-18903925?r=sp [12]: 470R-1206: https://octopart.com/cr1206-jw-471elf-bourns-3872844?r=sp
  3. Dealing with the 110V/220V AC mains voltage and measuring the AC load parameters are regarded as a challenge for electronic designers, both in circuit design and calculations. The situation becomes more complex when dealing with inductive loads because they cause a phase shift between voltage and current and alter the sine-wave shape of the AC signal (resistive loads do not). The power factor of resistive loads is theoretically equal to 1. In this article/video, I introduce a circuit that can measure AC RMS voltage, RMS current, active power, power factor, and energy consumption (KWh) of the loads. I used a low-cost STM32 Microcontroller and provided four push buttons for initial calibration. The device can independently measure the parameters and display the results on a bright 1.3-inch OLED display. The measurement error rate is around 0.5% or lower. For the schematic and PCB design, I use Altium Designer 23. I shared the PCB project with my colleague for feedback and edits through Altium 365's secure cloud space. The Octopart component search engine proves invaluable for obtaining component information and generating the Bill-of-Materials (BOM). To ensure the production of high-quality fabricated boards, I forwarded the Gerber files to PCBWay. I used the Siglent SDM3045X benchtop multimeter to calibrate the circuit. That’s a quick and easy process. It's a cool device for everyday electronics, so let’s get started! 🙂 References Schematic + PCB + BOM: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/Digital_AC_Energy_Measurement_Circuit_V2_RMS_Voltage_RMS_Current_Real_Power_P_a1bf4da8.html [1]: Littelfuse 500mA: https://octopart.com/37005000410-littelfuse-39623899?r=sp [2]: MOV-07D471K: https://octopart.com/mov-07d471ktr-bourns-19184728?r=sp [3]: Bourns 7355-H-RC: https://octopart.com/7355-h-rc-bourns-12614152?r=sp [4]: 100nF-X2: https://octopart.com/r46kf310000p1m-kemet-20074740?r=sp [5]: 470nF-630V: https://octopart.com/ecw-fa2j474j-panasonic-22311695?r=sp [6]: 1N4007: https://octopart.com/ecw-fa2j474j-panasonic-22311695?r=sp [7]: 78L05 SOT89: https://octopart.com/ua78l05acpk-texas+instruments-525167?r=sp [8]: HLK-PM01: https://octopart.com/hlk-pm01-hi-link-122345845?r=sp [9]: SPX3819M5: https://octopart.com/spx3819m5-l-3-3%2Ftr-maxlinear-94414540?r=sp [10]: PC817: https://octopart.com/pc817x1nip1b-sharp-80968503?r=sp [11]: STM32G030F6: https://octopart.com/stm32g030f6p6-stmicroelectronics-103773023?r=sp [12]: 16MHz XO: https://octopart.com/ecs-3225mv-120-cn-tr-ecs+international-95544585?r=sp [13]: 2N7002: https://octopart.com/2n7002-diotec-109206764?r=sp
  4. DC-to-DC buck converters are utilized ubiquitously in electronic devices. Three major types of non-isolated DC-to-DC converters are introduced: Buck, Boost, and Buck-Boost. The most frequently employed type is the Buck converter. In this article/video, I introduce a compact buck converter board, capable of accepting input voltages ranging from 8V to 95V and handling 5V-1A at the output. The selected controlling chip is the MP9486. It is a high-frequency and somewhat sensitive controller chip as some users reported encountering instability issues. However, I have applied a few modifications to the circuit and as a result, you can utilize this circuit, PCB, or assembled board without any issues. The circuit offers consistent regulation within the defined input voltage range, effectively managing the maximum output current. For the schematic and PCB design, I utilized Altium Designer 23. I shared the project with my colleague for feedback and edits through Altium 365's secure cloud space. The Octopart component search engine proved invaluable for obtaining component information and generating the Bill of Materials (BOM). To ensure the production of high-quality fabricated boards, I forwarded the Gerber files to PCBWay. I tested the circuit's performance for a range of input voltage, output current, stability, and output noise. This comprehensive testing was conducted using the Siglent SDL1020X-E DC Load, the SDM3045M multimeter, and the SDS2102X Plus oscilloscope. I am confident that this circuit fulfills your requirements for a compact high-voltage buck converter board. References Schematic + PCB: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/8_100V_to_5V_1A_DC_to_DC_Buck_Converter_using_MP9486_5a0e0270.html [1]: MP9486: https://octopart.com/mp9486agn-z-monolithic+power+systems-89568395?r=sp [2]: SS110 SMA: https://octopart.com/ss110b-multicomp-18903920?r=sp [3]: 33uH TDK: https://octopart.com/slf7045t-330m1r1-h-tdk-7629956?r=sp [4]: 0805 R LED: https://octopart.com/150080rs75000-wurth+elektronik-29717781?r=sp
  5. 433MHz/315MHz remote controls are everywhere around us, used to control devices such as turning ON/OFF the lights or a TV, or in applications such as opening/closing parking or villa entrance, … etc. Such remotes are available in the market in various shapes and sizes; however, most are equipped with four buttons. In this article/video, I introduce a full-featured four channels wireless switcher device that can be paired with the majority of 433MHz or 315MHz wireless remotes in the market. The board can store up to 80 remote control buttons/codes (20 remotes with four buttons) in its EEPROM memory. You can easily record, delete, decode, and assign any individual remote-control button. The board is compact and equipped with a small 2*8-character LCD, enhancing the user experience. Any remote-control button can be assigned to any of the four relays to activate and deactivate the devices. An ATMega8 microcontroller is the heart of the circuit. I used the Arduino IDE to develop the code. The most challenging part of this project was dealing with EEPROM memory. Eventually, I decided to use the structures to tackle it. Powering the board is as simple as connecting a 9V-1A power adapter. For the schematic and PCB design, I utilized Altium Designer 23 and shared the project with my friends for feedback and edits using Altium-365's secure cloud space. The fast component search engine, Octopart, proved invaluable in quickly obtaining component information and generating the Bill of Materials (BOM). To ensure high-quality fabricated boards, I sent the Gerber files to PCBWay. I am confident that this circuit meets your requirements for a compact switcher board. References schematic + pcb + code: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/433MHz_4_Channels_Wireless_Switcher_Circuit_a1dc8b5e.html [1]: ATMega8-16PU: https://octopart.com/atmega8-16pu-microchip-77760540?r=sp [2]: L7805, TO-263: https://octopart.com/l7805abd2t-tr-stmicroelectronics-526655?r=sp [3]: 78L05, SOT-898: https://octopart.com/ua78l05acpk-texas+instruments-525167?r=sp [4]: Ferrite Bead: https://octopart.com/blm31pg121sn1l-murata-368354?r=sp [5]: 16MHz Crystal: https://octopart.com/hc49sm-16-30-50-60-16-atf-multicomp-8601779?r=sp [6]: LM1-5D Relay: https://octopart.com/lm1-5d-rayex-53719411?r=sp [7]: 1N4007, DO-214AC: https://octopart.com/1n4007+smd-multicomp-104895004?r=sp [8]: Si2302 MOSFET: https://octopart.com/si2302cds-t1-e3-vishay-44452855?r=sp
  6. The most important part of any electronic device is the power supply section. Any instability or malfunction in this part causes the device to stop its operation or show weird behavior. In this article/video, I introduced an AC to DC Flyback Switching power supply that converts 220V-AC to 8V-DC, which can be used in a variety of applications. The 8V selection for the output makes this supply friendly for any type of linear regulator. The maximum power delivery of this power supply is 24W, which means it can handle 3A at 8V output. The controller chip is DK125, which does not need any external supply, a startup resistor, or even an auxiliary winding on the transformer. The transformer's ferrite core is RM8, which differs from most supplies using EE or EI cores. A small potentiometer allows you to adjust the output voltage and set it to 7.5 to 8V. For the schematic and PCB design, I utilized Altium Designer 23 and shared the project with my friends for feedback and updates using Altium-365. The fast component search engine, Octopart, proved invaluable in quickly obtaining component information and generating the Bill of Materials (BOM). To ensure high-quality fabricated boards, I sent the Gerber files to PCBWay. I tested the board for voltage drop and current delivery, output noise, and load step response. I used the Siglent SDL1020X-E DC Load, Siglent SDS2102X Plus oscilloscope, Siglent SDM3045X multimeter, and Siglent CP4020 current probe to perform all tests. I am confident that this circuit will meet your requirements for a compact and efficient power supply, providing reliable performance on your electronics bench. References More Info: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/220VAC_to_8VDC_24W_Flyback_Switching_Power_Supply_88bf6837.html [1]: DK125: https://datasheet.lcsc.com/lcsc/2111241030_Shenzhen-DongKe-Semicon-DK125_C171868.pdf [2]: 100nF-X2: https://octopart.com/r463i310050m1k-kemet-50550056?r=sp [3]: 10mH CM Choke: https://octopart.com/7355-h-rc-bourns-12614152?r=sp [4]: DB107 BR: https://octopart.com/db107g-genesic+semiconductor-19909514?r=sp [5]: 22uF-400V: https://octopart.com/db107g-genesic+semiconductor-19909514?r=sp [6]: RM8 Core: https://octopart.com/b65811j0160a087-epcos-66666588?r=sp [7]: 0805 Yellow LED: https://octopart.com/150080ys75000-wurth+elektronik-29717784?r=sp [8]: TL431ACDB: https://octopart.com/tl431acdbzr%2C215-nexperia-78742091?r=sp [9]: PC817: https://octopart.com/pc817x1nip1b-sharp-80968503?r=sp
  7. In this article/video, I used an RP2040 Zero board, a VL53L0X Laser time-of-flight ranging sensor, and a 2.4” TFT display to build a graphical laser rangefinder unit that can be used to monitor the distance, check the liquid level, etc. The board is also equipped with a relay and a buzzer that allow the user to provide distance-related acoustic signals or activate/deactivate an external device, such as a pump, brake, etc. Source: https://resources.altium.com/p/rp2040-zero-powered-laser-range-finder-gui-and-24-tft-display
  8. A power supply is an essential tool on every electronics bench. The TPS54202 is a highly efficient 2A synchronous buck converter with a wide 28V input voltage range and low EMI figures, making it suitable for various applications. These features make the TPS54202 an excellent choice for building a power supply. To achieve a low noise level and ensure high performance, I implemented a variety of input and output filters, along with following several PCB design techniques. The chip operates at a switching frequency of 500KHz and is equipped with internal loop compensation. Setting up the power supply is simple—just connect the input to a step-down AC transformer (e.g., 220V to 15V) and use a multiturn potentiometer to adjust the output voltage to your desired level. For the schematic and PCB design, I utilized Altium Designer 23 and shared the project with my friends for feedback and updates using Altium-365. The fast component search engine, Octopart, proved invaluable in quickly obtaining component information and generating the Bill of Materials (BOM). To ensure high-quality fabricated boards, I sent the Gerber files to PCBWay. I tested the circuit for output noise and load step response using Siglent SDS2102X Plus oscilloscope and Siglent SDL1020X-E DC load. I am confident that this circuit will meet your requirements for a compact and efficient power supply, providing reliable performance on your electronics bench. References Schematic + PCB + Gerber: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/Adjustable_Low_EMI_Switching_Power_Supply_9611437d.html [1]: TPS54202: https://octopart.com/tps54202ddct-texas+instruments-71538129?r=sp [2]: 470uF-35V: https://octopart.com/eee-fk1v471aq-panasonic-44406255?r=sp [3]: 22uH-3A: https://octopart.com/etqp5m220yfm-panasonic-24904108?r=sp [4]: 5K Potentiometer: https://octopart.com/ss34a-multicomp-18903924?r=sp [5]: SS34: https://octopart.com/ss34a-multicomp-18903924?r=sp
  9. In this project, I have introduced a compact stereo digital FM transmitter circuit that operates in the frequency range of 87MHz to 108MHz. The frequency can be adjusted using two tactile push-buttons, with a 0.1MHz step size. The heart of the circuit is an ATMega8 microcontroller, which communicates with a 0.96-inch SPI OLED display and the KT0803L FM transmitter chip via an I2C interface. You can directly connect a microphone or an AUX cable to the board to broadcast your desired sound, such as playing a piece of music from your cellphone, computer, … etc. After conducting some tests, it was found that the circuit operates quite stable, and the received sound is clear and sharp. To design the schematic and PCB, I used Altium Designer 23 and shared the project with my friends to get their feedback and updates using Altium-365. The fast component search engine (Octopart) allowed me to quickly consider components’ information and also generate the BOM. To get high-quality fabricated boards, I sent the Gerber files to PCBWay. I am confident that utilizing this circuit will be an enjoyable and fulfilling experience for you. References Schematic + PCB + Code: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/Stereo_Digital_FM_Transmitter_Circuit_64d799f3.html [1]: TLV1117-5.0: https://octopart.com/tlv1117-50cdcyr-texas+instruments-669252?r=sp [2]: TLV1117-3.3: https://octopart.com/tlv1117-33idcyr-texas+instruments-669250?r=sp [3]: MMBT304: https://octopart.com/mmbt3904lt1htsa1-infineon-21387159?r=sp [4]: 2N7002: https://octopart.com/2n7002-7-f-diodes+inc.-335069?r=sp [5]: KT0803L: http://radio-z.ucoz.lv/kt_0803/KT0803L_V1.3.pdf [6]: ATmega8-AU: https://octopart.com/atmega8u2-au-microchip-77760652?r=sp
  10. That is a linear supply, but what I posted here is switching and very small, you can embed it in whatever enclosure and control the voltage using the potentiometer
  11. A DC-to-DC converter is one of the most commonly used circuits in electronics, especially in power supply applications. There are three major types of DC-to-DC converters (non-isolated): Buck, Boost, and Buck-Boost. Sometimes a buck converter is also called a step-down converter and a boost converter is also called a step-up converter. In this article/video, I introduce an adjustable 5A DC-to-DC converter circuit that uses an advanced chip, made by Texas Instruments, which is TPS5450. It’s a high-frequency and efficient buck converter chip that provides tight voltage regulation. I have followed several PCB design rules to ensure low noise, low EMI, and high stability of the output voltage. To design the schematic and PCB, I used Altium Designer 23 and shared the project with my friends using Altium-365. The fast component search engine (Octopart) allowed me to quickly consider components’ information and also generate the BOM. To get high-quality fabricated boards, I sent the Gerber files to PCBWay and tested the circuit for output stability and noise, using a DC load, a multimeter, and an oscilloscope. Soon later, I will also perform the step-response test and demonstrate the results. Specifications Input Voltage: 5.5V to 36V Output Voltage: 1.22Vmin to 31Vmax (variable) Output Current (continuous): 5A Output Current (peak, short time): 6A Maximum Output Drop: 22mV (5A load) Output Noise: 14mVp-p (no load), 50mVp-p (5A load), 20MHz-BW References Full Article, Downloading PCB, Direct Order: https://www.pcbway.com/project/shareproject/5A_35V_Adjustable_Switching_Power_Supply_760ba488.html [1]: TPS5450: https://octopart.com/tps5450ddar-texas+instruments-7105511?r=sp [2]: SS56: https://octopart.com/ss56bf-hf-comchip-107339894?r=sp [3]: 3590-S2: https://octopart.com/3590s-2-502l-bourns-112621?r=sp
  12. Are you tired of dealing with the damaging effects of inrush currents on your industrial devices? Look no further than an AC inrush current limiter (soft starter). Inrush current, also known as surge current, is the large amount of current that flows into a load at start-up. This can cause damage to equipment, reduce its lifespan, and lead to costly downtime. But with an AC inrush current limiter, you can eliminate these problems. Simply, a soft starter works by limiting the initial current flow, ensuring a smooth and efficient start-up, while protecting your equipment from damage. So I decided to design this AC soft starter that is equipped with a fail-safe mechanism. During start-up, the inrush current passes through a power resistor, and after a delay (adjustable between 1ms to 1s), a 30A power Relay shorts the resistor and applies the full power to the load. If this Relay fails for whatever reason, the power resistor won’t melt everything; the logic circuit activates the fail-safe Relay that turns OFF the load to prevent any damage. 3 LEDs indicate the Supply, Normal, and Fault conditions. I selected the cheap ATTiny13 MCU as a controller. To design the schematic and PCB, I used Altium Designer 23. The fast component search engine (Octopart) allowed me to quickly consider components’ information and also generate the BOM. To get high-quality fabricated boards, I sent the Gerber files to PCBWay. I used the Arduino IDE to write the MCU code, so it is pretty easy to follow and understand. Let’s get started 🙂 [Main] Full Documentation, Schematic, PCB, Direct Order [1]: ATTiny13 MCU: https://octopart.com/attiny13a-ssur-microchip-77761976?r=sp [2]: 10D561K MOV: https://octopart.com/mov-10d561k-bourns-19184788?r=sp [3]: HLK-PM12: https://datasheet.lcsc.com/szlcsc/1909111105_HI-LINK-HLK-PM24_C399250.pdf [4]: 78L05 SOT-89: https://octopart.com/ua78l05acpk-texas+instruments-525167?r=sp [5]: Si2302 Mosfet: https://octopart.com/si2302cds-t1-ge3-vishay-43172315?r=sp [6]: M7 Diode: https://octopart.com/m7-diotec-30502012?r=sp
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