sam.moshiri

DC to DC converters are quite popular among electronic enthusiasts and are widely used within the industry. There are three major types of non-isolated DC to DC converters: buck, boost, and buck-boost. In this article/video, I used there major components such as the famous UC3843 chip, a power Schottky diode, and an N-Channel Mosfet to design a compact DC to DC boost converter. The input voltage could be as low as 9V that makes it suitable for a variety of applications, such as 12V to 18V conversion to power a laptop computer using a single 12V battery. I used Altium Designer 21 and SamacSys component libraries to design the schematic and PCB. The PCBs have been fabricated by the PCBWay in the green solder mask. Also, I examined the noise figure of the circuit using the Siglent SDS2102X Plus/SDS1104X-E oscilloscope and Siglent SDM3045X multimeter. So let’s get started! References Article: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/DC_to_DC_Boost_Converter_using_UC3843.html [1]: UC3843 Datasheet: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/uc3843.pdf?HQS=ti-null-null-sf-df-pf-sep-wwe&ts=1626017670986&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fcomponentsearchengine.com%252F [2]: MBR20100CT datasheet: https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/MBR20100C.pdf [3]: IRFZ44 datasheet: https://componentsearchengine.com/Datasheets/2/IRFZ44EPBF.pdf [4]: Altium Designer: Altium Designer - PCB Design Software [5]: SamacSys Altium plugin: Altium Designer PCB Library - FREE - Footprints - Symbols - 3D Models [6]: Supported SamacSys plugins: FREE Schematic Symbols & PCB Footprints - PCB Libraries - 3D [7]: UC3843 schematic symbol, PCB footprint, 3D model: UC3843D8TR footprint, schematic symbol and 3D model by Texas Instruments [8]: IRFZ44 schematic symbol, PCB footprint, 3D model: IRFZ44EPBF footprint, schematic symbol and 3D model by Infineon [9]: MBR20100 schematic symbol, PCB footprint, 3D model: MBR20100CT-E1 footprint, schematic symbol and 3D model by Diodes Inc. [10]: Siglent SDL1020X-E DC load: SDL1000X/X-E Series Programmable DC Electronic Loads | Siglent [11]: Siglent SDS2102X Plus oscilloscope: https://siglentna.com/digital-oscilloscopes/sds2000xp/ [12]: Siglent SDS1104X-E oscilloscope: SDS1000X-E Series Super Phosphor Oscilloscopes | Siglent

Infrared signal of the tested remote (SONY)

Infrared remote controllers are everywhere around us. The majority of home appliances are controlled using infrared remote controls. In this article/video, we learn to build a device that can decode (almost) any IR remote control and use the instructions to switch the relays (loads). So we can use this feature in a variety of applications without buying a new IR remote control and expensive hardware, such as turning ON/OFF the lights, opening/closing the curtains, ... etc. I have used an ATTiny85 microcontroller as the heart of the circuit. The device can record up to three IR codes in the EEPROM memory and switch 3 separate devices. Each relay can handle the currents up to 10A. The load switching mechanism (momentary ON/OFF, toggling, .. etc) can be programmed by the user. I used Altium Designer 21.4.1 and the SamacSys component libraries (SamacSys Altium Plugin) to design the Schematic and PCB. I also used the Siglent SDS2102X Plus/SDS1104X-E to analyze the IR signals. The device works stable and reacts well to the transmitted IR signals. So let’s get started and build this puppy! References Article: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/Infrared_Remote_Control_Decoder___Switcher_Board.html [1]: L7805 datasheet: https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l78.pdf [2]: TS2937CW-5.0 datasheet: http://www.taiwansemi.com/products/datasheet/TS2937_E15.pdf [3]: VS1838 infrared receiver module datasheet: https://www.elecrow.com/download/Infrared%20receiver%20vs1838b.pdf [4]: FDN360P datasheet: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/fdn360p-d.pdf [5]: ATTiny85-20SUR datasheet: http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/Atmel-2586-AVR-8-bit-Microcontroller-ATtiny25-ATtiny45-ATtiny85_Datasheet.pdf [6]: Si2302 datasheet: https://www.vishay.com/docs/63653/si2302dds.pdf [7]: Altium Designer electronic design CAD software: https://www.altium.com/altium-designer [8]: SamacSys Altium plugin: https://www.samacsys.com/altium-designer-library-instructions [9]: ATTiny85 schematic symbol, PCB footprint, 3D model: https://componentsearchengine.com/part-view/ATTINY85-20SUR/Microchip [10]: TS2937-5.0 schematic symbol, PCB footprint, 3D model: https://componentsearchengine.com/part-view/TS2937CW-5.0%20RP/Taiwan%20Semiconductor [11]: L7805 schematic symbol, PCB footprint, 3D model: https://componentsearchengine.com/part-view/L7805CV/STMicroelectronics [12]: SI2302 schematic symbol, PCB footprint, 3D model: https://componentsearchengine.com/part-view/SI2302DDS-T1-GE3/Vishay [13]: FDN360P schematic symbol, PCB footprint, 3D model: https://componentsearchengine.com/part-view/FDN360P/ON%20Semiconductor [14]: ATTinyCore: https://github.com/SpenceKonde/ATTinyCore [15]: IRRemote library: https://github.com/Arduino-IRremote/Arduino-IRremote [16]: Siglent SDS2102X Plus oscilloscope: https://siglentna.com/products/digital-oscilloscope/sds2000xp-series-digital-phosphor-oscilloscope [17]: Siglent SDS1104X-E oscilloscope: https://siglentna.com/digital-oscilloscopes/sds1000x-e-series-super-phosphor-oscilloscopes

Does anybody know what's the problem with this earphone? so weird!

In this video, I explain some theories behind a low pass active filter circuit, then I built a simple active low pass filter using the LM358 opamp. I tested the filter's behavior using the Siglent SDG1025 waveform generator and the Siglent SDS2102X Plus oscilloscope.

Nowadays USB port is used widely for data transactions between electronic devices and computers. In many scenarios, there is no need to communicate with the USB port directly, therefore electronic designers use USB to UART (RS232-Serial) converter chips, so the USB port is converted to a virtual COM port on the computer. The initial thought of many designers is to use FTDI chips to do the USB to UART conversion. There is nothing wrong with FTDI chips, however, they are expensive. In this article/video, I introduced a cheap USB to UART converter module that uses the MCP2200 chip from Microchip. The converter supports both 3.3V and 5V serial logic levels and uses three LED indicators for power connection, data transmission, and data reception. The module supports the serial CTS and RTS pins, also six GPIOs that can be used for direct controlling of connected devices. The serial data of the module has been examined and decoded using the UART decoding feature of the Siglent SDS2102X Plus oscilloscope. So let’s get started! References Article:https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/Cheap_USB_to_UART_Converter_using_Microchip_MCP2200.html [1]: MCP2200 datasheet: https://www.mouser.se/datasheet/2/268/22228A-81933.pdf [2]: RT9166-33GX datashet: https://www.richtek.com/assets/product_file/RT9166=RT9166A/DS9166A-23.pdf [3]: MCP2200 schematic symbol, PCB footprint, and 3D model: https://componentsearchengine.com/part-view/MCP2200-I/SO/Microchip [4]: RT9166-33GX schematic symbol, PCB footprint, and 3D model:https://componentsearchengine.com/part-view/RT9166-33GX/RICHTEK [5]: Electronic designing CAD software plugins: https://www.samacsys.com/library-loader-help [6]: Altium Designer plugin: https://www.samacsys.com/altium-designer-library-instructions [7]: Microchip MCP2200 configuration utility: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/MCP2200 Configuration Utility v1.3.1.zip [8]: Siglent SDS2102X Plus oscilloscope: https://www.siglenteu.com/digital-oscilloscopes/sds2000xp

In this video, I have reviewed the DS-VC288 panel mount voltmeter/Ammeter using the Siglent SDM3045X benchtop multimeter. The VC288 meter did not present acceptable readings, especially in the current measurement. It uses an LM358 Opamp which is not suitable for this purpose and it does not show a linear behavior. The SDM3045X multimeter was used as a reference. I have tested the voltage and current readings separately.

A tip: As I mentioned in the video, in the last revision of the PCB board (which is available for you), the distance between electrolytic capacitors and the power resistors has been increased, however, if you still have concerns about this, you can use 470uF-50V capacitors instead of 1000uf-50V capacitors which are smaller in diameter.

Power supplies are one of the most popular topics in electronics. There are two major types of regulated power supply: linear and switching. Both power supply types introduce some advantages and disadvantages, however, a linear power supply offers better line and load regulation figures and it handles lower noise at the output, specifically when the power supply is adjustable and the output is under load; although its efficiency is lower than a switching power supply. In this article/video, I introduced an adjustable 30V-4A linear power supply that provides constant voltage and constant current adjustment. The output noise of the power supply is low and has measured using the power analysis feature of the Siglent SDS2102X Plus oscilloscope. All component packages are through-hole, so you don't need any special tool for soldering. Let's get started! Specifications Input Voltage (max): 35V [30V, max-tested] Output Voltage (min): 1.28V Output Voltage (max-tested): 27.35V [28.9Vin, no load, 25C] Output Current: 1.1mA to 4A(max continous) Output Noise (no load): 6-7mVpp Output Noise (1A load): 6-7mVpp Output Noise (2A load): 8-10mVpp References Article: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/30V_4A_Adjustable_Power_Supply__CC_CV_.html [1]: LM338 datasheet: https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/405/lm338-440432.pdf [2]: IRLZ44 datasheet: https://www.vishay.com/docs/91328/sihlz44.pdf [3]: LM358 datasheet: https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/308/lm358-d-299970.pdf [4]: 78L09 datasheet: https://www.jameco.com/Jameco/Products/ProdDS/192225.pdf [5]: LM358 schematic symbol, PCB footprint, 3D model: https://componentsearchengine.com/part-view/LM358N%2FNOPB/Texas%20Instruments [6]: 78L09 schematic symbol, PCB footprint, 3D model: https://componentsearchengine.com/part-view/MC78L09ACPG/ON%20Semiconductor [7]: LM338 schematic symbol, PCB footprint, 3D model: https://componentsearchengine.com/part-view/LM338T%2FNOPB/Texas%20Instruments [8]: IRLZ44 schematic symbol, PCB footprint, 3D model: https://componentsearchengine.com/part-view/IRLZ44NPBF/Infineon [9]: Electronic designing CAD software plugins: https://www.samacsys.com/library-loader-help [10]: Altium Designer plugin: https://www.samacsys.com/altium-designer-library-instructions [11]: Siglent SDS2102x Plus oscilloscope: https://www.siglenteu.com/digital-oscilloscopes/sds2000xp

FM transmitters/receivers are among the top favorite circuits of any electronic enthusiast. In this article/video, I have introduced a complete digital FM receiver design that has equipped with an LCD screen and three push-buttons. It can search for the FM signals from 76MHz to 108MHz manually and automatically (Scan mode). The signal strength is also displayed as a bar graph on the LCD screen. The output sound is amplified by a 3W+3W Class-D stereo amplifier that handles high-quality and strong enough audio power. As a controller, I have used the cheap and popular Arduino-Nano board. So let’s get started! References Article: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/A_Digital_FM_Receiver_with_Arduino.html [1]: TEA5767 Datasheet: https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/General/TEA5767.pdf [2]: TEA5767 Schematic Symbol, PCB Footprint, and 3D Model: https://componentsearchengine.com/part-view/TEA5767HN%2FV3%2C118/Nexperia [3]: PAM8403 Datasheet: https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/115/PAM8403-247318.pdf [4]: PAM8403 Schematic Symbol, PCB Footprint, and 3D Model: https://componentsearchengine.com/part-view/PAM8403DR/LITTELFUSE [5]: TS2937 Datasheet: https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/395/TS2937_D13-522475.pdf [6]: TS2937 Schematic Symbol, PCB Footprint, and 3D Model: https://componentsearchengine.com/part-view/TS2937CW-5.0%20RP/Taiwan%20Semiconductor [7]: CAD Plugins: https://www.samacsys.com/library-loader-help

In this video, I've talked about the XY mode/feature of a Siglent SDS1104X-E oscilloscope and used it in a combination with a Siglent SDG1025 waveform generator to show how you can build an interesting component tester (V-I curve tracer) to test silicone diodes, Zener Diodes, Schottky diodes, LEDs, Resistors, transistors, capacitors .. etc. Also, you can use it to learn about the behavior of the components and semiconductors. You only need to follow a very simple circuit (schematic) and hock the probes to the correct circuit points. In the video, I have tested these components: 330-ohm resistor, 1N4007 diode, 1N4148 diode, 1N5819 Schottky diode, a white LED and a green LED. the memory depth of the oscilloscope was set on 7M.

Thanks

An H-Bridge (Full-Bridge) driver is quite popular in driving loads such as brushed DC motors and it is widely used in robotics and industry. The main advantages of using an H-Bridge driver are: high efficiency, rotation direction change, and braking the motor. In this article/video, I have introduced a complete H-Bridge DC motor driver using four IR3205 power MOSFETs and two IR2104 MOSFET drivers. Theoretically, the above-mentioned MOSFET can handle currents up to 80A, however, in practice we can expect to get currents up to 40A if the MOSFET temperature is kept as low as possible, using a big heatsink or even a fan. References Article: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/Powerful_H_Bridge_DC_Motor_Driver.html [1]: IRF3205 Datasheet: http://www.irf.com/product-info/datasheets/data/irf3205.pdf [2]: IR2104 Datasheet: https://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon-IR2104-DS-v01_00-EN.pdf?fileId=5546d462533600a4015355c7c1c31671 [3]: 1N5819 Datasheet: https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/ds23001.pdf [4]: IR2104 Schematic Symbol, PCB Footprint, 3D Model: https://componentsearchengine.com/part-view/IR2104PBF/Infineon [5]: IRF3205 Schematic Symbol, PCB Footprint, 3D Model: https://componentsearchengine.com/part-view/IRF3205ZPBF/Infineon [6]: CAD Plugins: https://www.samacsys.com/library-loader-help

Features High stability and no sensitivity to the ambient light Laser-cut acrylic (plexiglass) enclosure Cost-effective Flow control capability of the hand-sanitizer/alcohol (efficiency) Through-hole components (easy to solder) Single-layer PCB board (easy to fabricate) Single and cheap ATTiny13 microcontroller Low standby current consumption As we all know, the COVID-19 outbreak hit the world and changed our lifestyle. In this condition, alcohol and hand sanitizers are vital, expensive, and in some areas hard to find fluids, so, they must be used properly and efficiently. In the second version of the hand sanitizer dispenser device, I have addressed the previous design problems and introduced a device with no sensitivity to the ambient light and flow control capability of the alcohol/sanitizer. Therefore just enough amount of liquid will be poured on each request. The design uses a cheap ATTiny13 microcontroller. References Source: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/Automatic_Hand_Sanitizer_Dispenser__Version_2___Using_ATTiny13.html [1]: TSOP1738 datasheet: https://www.batronix.com/pdf/tsop17xx.pdf [2]: 2N7000 datasheet: https://www.onsemi.com/pub/Collateral/NDS7002A-D.PDF [3]: ATTiny13 datasheet: https://componentsearchengine.com/Datasheets/1/ATtiny13-20PU.pdf [4]: BD139 datasheet: https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/bd140.pdf [5]: 2N7000 schematic symbol and PCB footprint: https://componentsearchengine.com/part/1011182/model/download [6]: BD139 schematic symbol and PCB footprint: https://componentsearchengine.com/part/1041398/model/download [7]: ATTiny13 schematic symbol and PCB footprint: https://componentsearchengine.com/part/235118299/model/download [8]: CAD Plugins: https://www.samacsys.com/library-loader-help

References Article: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/4000W_Standalone_Digital_AC_Dimmer_Using_STM32.html [1]: TLP521 Datasheet: https://www.futurlec.com/Datasheet/LED/TLP521.pdf [2]: BTA26 Datasheet: https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/389/cd00002264-1795706.pdf [3]: AN437, ST Application Note: https://www.st.com/resource/en/application_note/cd00004096-rc-snubber-circuit-design-for-triacs-stmicroelectronics.pdf [4]: MOC3021 Datasheet: http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/97984.pdf [5]: AMS1117-3.3 Datasheet: http://www.advanced-monolithic.com/pdf/ds1117.pdf [6]: STM32F030F4 Datasheet: https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/389/dm00088500-1797910.pdf [7]: Schematic Symbol and PCB Footprint of TLP521: https://componentsearchengine.com/part/1774908/model/download [8]: Schematic Symbol and PCB Footprint of MOC3021: https://componentsearchengine.com/part/229006098/model/download [9]: Schematic Symbol and PCB Footprint of BTA26-600: https://componentsearchengine.com/part/1587919/model/download [10]: Schematic Symbol and PCB Footprint of AMS1117-3.3: https://componentsearchengine.com/part/656857/model/download [11]: Schematic Symbol and PCB Footprint of STM32F030F4: https://componentsearchengine.com/part/182014793/model/download [12]: Electronic CAD Plugins: https://www.samacsys.com/library-loader-help [13]: 2N7002 Datasheet: https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/ds11303.pdf [14]: Schematic Symbol and PCB Footprint of 2N7002: https://componentsearchengine.com/part/228320879/model/download

You're welcome. it doesn't have a controller. the intention was to find the easiest and cheapest solution. Please follow the video and provided resources.

As we all know, the COVID-19 outbreak hit the world and changed our lifestyle. In this condition, Alcohol and hand sanitizers are vital fluids, however, they must be used properly. Touching alcohol containers or hand sanitizers with infected hands can spread the virus to the next person. In this article, we will build an automatic hand sanitizer dispenser that uses IR sensors to detect the presence of a hand and activates a pump to pour the liquid on the hand. The intention was to find the cheapest and easiest solution and design a circuit. Therefore no Microcontroller or Arduino has been used. Two designs have been introduced and you are free to select and build any of them. The first design uses SMD components and the second design is even simpler. It uses DIP components on a small single layer PCB board. References Article: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/DIY_Automatic_Hand_Sanitizer_Dispenser__without_Arduino_or_MCU.html [1]: AMS1117-5.0 Datasheet: http://www.advanced-monolithic.com/pdf/ds1117.pdf [2]: LM555 Datasheet: http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm555.pdf?&ts=1589508422474 [3]: TSOP1738 Datasheet: https://eu.mouser.com/datasheet/2/427/introductionpartnumbers-1766653.pdf [4]: NDS356 Datasheet: https://eu.mouser.com/datasheet/2/308/NDS356AP-D-1813031.pdf [5]: AMS1117-5.0 Schematic Symbol and PCB Footprint: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=2376678 [6]: LM555 Schematic Symbol and PCB Footprint: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=380204 [7]: TSOP1738 Schematic Symbol and PCB Footprint: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=1116997 [8]: NDS356 Schematic Symbol and PCB Footprint: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=840198 [9]: CAD Plugins: https://www.samacsys.com/library-loader-help [10]: LM393 Datasheet: http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm393-n.pdf?&ts=1589509317025 [11]: BD140 Datasheet: https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/149/BD140-888626.pdf [12]: LM393 Schematic Symbol and PCB Footprint: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=298790 [13]: BD140 Schematic Symbol and PCB Footprint: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=166782

LM317 is one of the most popular adjustable regulator chips. The output voltage of the regulator can be adjusted from 1.25V to 35V. However, the chip can deliver currents up to 1.5A which is not enough for some power applications. In this article/video, I will discuss two methods of LM317 current boosting, using power PNP and NPN pass transistors. References Article: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/LM317_Current_Boosting_Secrets.html [1]: LM317 Datasheet: http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/slvs044x/slvs044x.pdf [2]: LM317 Library: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=299235 [3]: MJ2955 Datashet: https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/308/2n3055-d-1190033.pdf [4]: MJ2955 Library: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=697997 [5]: 2N3055 Datahseet: https://www.onsemi.com/pub/Collateral/2N3055-D.PDF [6]: 2N3055 Library: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=788620 [7]: CAD Plugins: https://www.samacsys.com/library-loader-help

Features: AC – DC Conversion Double output voltages (Positive – Ground – Negative) Adjustable positive and negative rails Just a Single-Output AC transformer Output noise (20MHz-BWL, no load): Around 1.12mVpp Low noise and stable outputs (ideal to power Opamps) Output Voltage: +/-1.25V to +/-25V Maximum output current: 300mA to 500mA Cheap and easy to solder (all component packages are DIP) A double output low noise power supply is an essential tool for any electronics enthusiast. There are many circumstances that a double-output power supply is necessary such as designing pre-amplifiers and powering OPAMPs. In this article, we are going to build a linear power supply that a user can adjust its positive and negative rails independently. Moreover, just an ordinary single-output AC transformer is used at the input. References Source: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/Low_Noise_Adjustable_Linear_AC_DC_Power_Supply.html [1] LM317 Datasheet: http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/slvs044x/slvs044x.pdf [2] LM337 Datasheet: http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm137.pdf [3]: Schematic Symbol and PCB Footprint for LM317: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=248007 [4]: Schematic Symbol and PCB Footprint for LM337: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=290650 [5]: Altium Plugin: https://www.samacsys.com/altium-designer-library-instructions

The STM8S001J3 is an 8-bit microcontroller that offers 8 Kbytes of Flash program memory, plus an integrated true data EEPROM. It is referred to as a low-density device in the STM8S microcontroller family. This MCU offered in a small SO8N package. In this article, we are going to build a programmable Police LED Flasher device that can be used for vehicles, motorcycles, and bicycles. Schematic + PCB + Code + Full Description References Source: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/Programmable_Police_LED_Flasher_Using_an_STM8.html [1]: https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l78m.pdf [2]: http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm1117.pdf [3]: https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/stm8s001j3.pdf [4]: http://www.vishay.com/docs/91192/sihfl110.pdf [5]: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=1049204 [6]: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=4735 [7]: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=4735 [8]: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=179508 [9]: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=235673 [10]: https://www.samacsys.com/altium-designer-library-instructions

A tiny DC to DC buck converter board is useful for many applications, especially if it could deliver currents up to 3A (2A continuously without heatsink). In this article, we will learn to build a small, efficient, and cheap buck converter circuit. References Full Article: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/DC_to_DC_Buck_Converter_Adjustable__97__Efficient__3A.html MP2315 Library: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=930350 Altium Plugin: https://www.samacsys.com/altium-designer-library-instructions

YouTube: https://youtu.be/AJvhhS8I3Ps Features: Identify a fake Lithium-Ion/Lithium-Polymer/NiCd/NiMH battery Adjustable constant current load (can also be modified by the user) Capable of measuring the capacity of almost any kind of battery (below 5V) Easy to solder, build, and use, even for beginners (all components are Dip) An LCD user interface Specifications: Board Supply: 7V to 9V(Max) Battery Input: 0-5V(max) – no reverse polarity Constant Current Load: 37mA to 540mA(max) – 16 Steps – can be modified by the user The true measurement of a battery’s capacity is essential for many scenarios. A capacity measurement device can solve the problem of spotting fake batteries as well. Nowadays fake Lithium and NiMH batteries are everywhere which don’t handle their advertised capacities. Sometimes it is difficult to distinguish between a real and a fake battery. This problem exists in the spare batteries market, such as cell phone batteries. Furthermore, in many scenarios, it is essential to determine the capacity of a second-hand battery (for instance a laptop battery). In this article, we will learn to build a battery capacity measurement circuit using the famous Arduino-Nano board. I’ve designed the PCB board for dip components. So even beginners can solder and use the device. References Article source: https://www.pcbway.com/blog/technology/Battery_capacity_measurement_using_Arduino.html [1]: https://www.onsemi.com/pub/Collateral/LM358-D.PDF [2]: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=671517 [3]: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=617283 [4]: https://componentsearchengine.com/part.php?partID=368895 [5]: https://www.samacsys.com/altium-designer-library-instructions

Differential signal measurement in practice To measure a differential signal, we have two options, one is using a differential probe and second is using a two channels oscilloscope. A differential probe is expensive but handles a better accuracy. Using two/four channels oscilloscope is the cheapest method which handles acceptable results. Just you need to connect oscilloscope’s Channel-1 to one of the differential lines/wires and Channel-2 to another one. Then go to the math function and enable CH1-CH2 which means a difference. Then adjust the oscilloscope to observe the signal. You use the run/stop or a single shot button to freeze the signal on the screen and examine it. I have examined the ADSL2+ signal on the telephone line using the above-mentioned differential measurement method. Reference: http://bit.ly/2Z7sDTt

Switching power supplies are known for high efficiency. An adjustable voltage/current supply is an interesting tool, which can be used in many applications such as a Lithium-ion/Lead-acid/NiCD-NiMH battery charger or a standalone power supply. In this article, we will learn to build a variable step-down buck converter using the popular LM2576-Adj chip. Features Cheap and easy to build and use Constant current and constant voltage adjustment [CC, CV] capability 1.2V to 25V and 25mA to 3A controlling range Easy to adjust the parameters (optimum use of variable resistors to control the voltage and current) The design follows the EMC rules It is easy to mount a heatsink on the LM2576 It uses a real shunt resistor (not a PCB track) to sense the current