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audioguru

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Everything posted by audioguru

  1. Stereo is recorded on 2 channels and surround sound uses 4 or 5 channels. There are some Oriental ICs that produce fake surround sound when the input is ordinary stereo. Some people think it sounds real.
  2. Many power supplies use a fan blowing past the heatsink so that the heatsink can be smaller.
  3. Your 0.33 ohm resistor R7 with 2A in it has a voltage across it of 0.33 x 2= 0.66V. The current-setting circuit in the 30V/3A power supply has 0.47 ohms x 3A= 1.41V across it. Your current-setting circuit needs to be calculated to show 2A when its pot is set near maximum. Only one R7 is used (not two in parallel).
  4. R7 has nothing to do with the output transistors. Instead R7 senses the amount of output current and sends its sensing voltage to the current adjustment opamp. Each of your output transistors need a series 0.33 ohm emitter resistor so that the two transistors are better matched to share the heating.
  5. The parallel transistors in the circuit you posted do not have series emitter resistors so the ones with high gain take a high current and the ones with a low gain take a low current. Emitter resistors help to match the transistors. This is how the output transistors are connected in parallel:
  6. The datasheet of the ULN2003 shows that the saturation voltage loss is 1.4V. Then if the battery is 3.7v the motor gets only 2.3v but if the battery is 7.4V then the motor gets 6V. You did not say how much voltage and current the motor needs. You did not say what is the stalled current of the motor. Stalled is when something stops the motor from turning, which happens the moment it is powered. If the stalled current is higher than 1A (two ULN2003 outputs in parallel) then the ULN2003 will burn out.
  7. The very old circuit you posted works poorly. TR3 is its output transistor and it gets too hot. Add a second 2N3055 transistor parallel with TR3 to share the heat and add a 0.33 ohms/2W resistor in series with each emitter to the output. The transistors collectors can be connected directly together by the heatsink if the heatsink is insulated from any other part of the circuit. If you want a 0V to -30V, 2mA to 3A power supply then make a second one of this project and use its +30V output as 0V and use its 0V output as 0V to -30V. A center-tapped transformer will produce an AC output, not DC and not variable.
  8. Sorry, I was wrong, you are correct. The peak of 24V RMS is 33.9V not 40V. The peak of the 28V RMS transformer I recommended is 40V. Then the full load drops the rectified voltage to 38VDC with ripple and the losses in the circuit have enough extra voltage for the output to be well-regulated 30VDC at 3A.
  9. If the transformer is rated at 24VAC/2A then it provides a maximum power of 24V x 2A= 48VA. But if the output is 30V at 2.0A then the load uses 30V x 2A= 60VA plus heating power. The peak of 24VAC is 40V which feeds the bridge rectifier which charges the main filter capacitor to the peak voltage minus the rectifier forward voltage. So then the transformer must produce 40V at 2.0A= 80VA which is much more than the overloaded 48VA. 80VA/24V= 3.33A, not 2A. For a regulated output of 30.0VDC at 3A then I recommended using a transformer rated at 28VAC/4.3A. For an output current of 3A then you must look at how much heat is produced by the single output transistor which is why I recommended using two output transistors to share the heat. Edited with strike-throughs.
  10. Use a separate +5V supply to power the voltage meter and current meter. Connect the grounds of both meters to the (-) output of the power supply being measured. The current meter can measure the negative voltage across the 0.47 ohms R7 of the power supply being measured, then the current meter does not produce an additional voltage drop that ruins the good voltage regulation. R7 produces a voltage of 1.41V for 3A or 0.47V for 1A. You will need to make a voltage divider to reduce the 0.47V to 0.1V for the input of the current meter. Disconnect the (-) segment of the current meter display.
  11. Your simulation is cheating because it uses a very high base voltage that has almost unlimited current and no voltage drop.
  12. Same question again but on this forum. Here you forgot to say which relay you will use so we do not know its coil current then we cannot calculate how much input current a transistor needs. You also did not say how much current the 1.2V timer can produce which might not be enough current to drive the transistor. 1.2V is probably too low to activate a photo-triac.
  13. The 24VAC transformer probably produces 25VAC with a light load on the project. Then its rectified and filtered output is +34V and -5.6V which power the opamps. At times the voltages are higher. Your transformer will be overloaded if its power rating is 105VA or less (24V at 4.4A).. The old TL081 opamps have an absolute maximum allowed supply of a total of only 36V so they will not last long. Replace the opamps with TLE2141 opamps that have a maximum allowed supply of 44V. Many of the resistors and the driver transistor in the original project are overloaded. Upgrade them. The main filter capacitor C1 value is much too low, upgrade it.
  14. Software will not test the frequency response of a mic. You need calibrated sounds at different frequencies to do it. the manufacturer should have shown a frequency response graph like these ones:
  15. A frequency response spec must include how much the levels deviate. Plus and minus 30dB is horrible but 2dB is pretty good. If they do not spec the plus and minus dBs then assume it is horrible. If you have background noise then you can turn down the volume. Using filters to cut frequencies you cannot hear will not reduce background noise. Instead you can cut all high audio frequencies to reduce hiss which will make words unintelligible and cut low audio frequencies so that guys voices sound like chipmunks. Audio opamps have low noise, "general purpose" opamps produce lots of noise. Your choice.
  16. Why do you want to reduce frequencies below 20Hz and above 20kHz? Audio signals do not produce those frequencies. If the filters are for the microphone then the microphone probably will not produce much below 20Hz and above 20kHz.
  17. We told you on all the other websites: Since you cannot read the simple schematic and do not know what connects to what then you probably have parts with the wrong values and ratings. Don't make this dangerous project.
  18. Crosley still make record players. I found one in the trash that was probably wrecked by someone using the wrong polarity 9VDC adapter. it has a full range mono 6" speaker in it. it has an Aux output to feed an external amplifier if you want. A car amplifier runs from 12VDC. http://www.crosleyradio.com/turntables
  19. Is it so old that it has one of those old glass vacuum tube thingies?
  20. Most of the spec's for the headphones are absolutely useless. The frequency response spec's do not say plus and minus 30dB which is horrible or plus and minus 2dB which is pretty good. Who cares about the length of the cord and the weight? The important spec for the ear speakers is the impedance that you can measure with a multimeter but you didn't. If the circuit is modern then it uses tiny little parts that are difficult to solder and unsolder.
  21. Can you provide a link to the ebay ad? Your schematic shows strings of 3 LEDs in series and a tiny resistor is also in series. Your pink and blue lines show that all the strings are in parallel. Since a white LED is about 3.2V to 3.6V then the entire bunch of LEDs uses a 12V supply.
  22. You have 12V, not plus 12V and minus 12V which is 24V. What you label as -12V is actually 0V. An ordinary older type of Lithium Ion cell is 4.20V when fully charged so your charger should have an output up to 12.6V, not 12.0V. The charger circuit should have wires connected between the series batteries so that it makes it a balanced charger.
  23. The circuit is the same as the old Greek kit here except a few part numbers are changed and the maximum output current is only 2A. It also has the problem of an overloaded transformer since with a 2ADC output the 25VAC input is 2.83A, not 2A. I ,saw some 741A opamps rated at 44V which might work but I do not think the maximum output voltage will be 30V, probably only 26VDC at 2A with lots of ripple. I wonder which circuit came first?
  24. I have some Li-PO batteries for my RC airplanes that had hundreds of flight and had storage for a few winters. I can charge one and use it and it produces a problem like you have but it charges normally. The battery is worn out and cannot produce normal power continuously for a normal duration. Measure the output voltage of the L298 that feeds the motor. If it drops lower and lower then also measure the input voltage of the L298 to see if it drops when the motor is slowing down. A Lithium rechargeable battery quickly becomes ruined if its voltage becomes less than about 3V per cell. my airplanes pulse the motor power as a warning to me that the voltage is becoming low then the motor stops but allows the steering servos to control the glide.
  25. Maybe your battery is not fully charged. Measure its voltage while the motors are running.
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