The Negative Feedback in Electronics
https://www.electronics-lab.com/article/the-negative-feedback-in-electronics/
Introduction According to Norbert Wiener, the American mathematician and the father of cybernetics, feedback is a method of controlling a system by reinserting the results of its past performance into it. In a feedback system, a signal that is proportional to the output is fed back to the input and combined with the input signal […]
Two-Port Parameters and Transformations
https://www.electronics-lab.com/article/two-port-parameters-and-transformations/
Introduction A linear circuit is one whose output signal is linearly proportional to its input signal. As a simple case, it is possible to model the network at only two terminals as shown in Figure 1. Here, only V1 and I1 as the voltage and the current internal to the circuit, need to be described. […]
Non-inverting OPAMP
https://www.electronics-lab.com/article/non-inverting-opamp/
Introduction The voltage signal applied to an op-amp can either be supplied to its non-inverting input (+) or the inverting input (-). These different configurations are simply known as a non-inverting op-amp, and inverting op-amp. In this tutorial, we focus on the non-inverting configuration and present its details. An overview of the non-inverting op-amp will […]
AC Inductance and Inductive Reactance
https://www.electronics-lab.com/article/ac-inductance-inductive-reactance/
Introduction In the previous tutorial concerning AC resistance, we have seen that the behavior of a resistor is the same in DC or AC regime under normal frequencies. However, other basic electrical components such the inductor, strongly depends on the frequency of the AC signal. A presentation of the concept of inductance is given in […]
Input and Output Impedances of Amplifiers
https://www.electronics-lab.com/article/input-and-output-impedances-of-amplifiers/
Introduction In a very simplified point of view, an amplifier consists of a “box” that realizes an amplification function between an input signal and an output signal. The way that the input enters the system and the output leaves it is very important and affects the general behavior of an amplifier. In more technical terms, […]