Analog To Digital Conversion – Sampling and Quantization

Analog To Digital Conversion – Sampling and Quantization

This article presents two key concepts in converting a continuous analog signal to a discrete digital signal.


Analog To Digital Conversion – Performance Criteria

Analog To Digital Conversion – Performance Criteria

Overview In this series of articles, we considered PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) as a method of digital representation of an analog...


Analog To Digital Conversion – Binary Encoding

Analog To Digital Conversion – Binary Encoding

Introduction In the first part of this article, we considered the two main stages of a PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) system as the...


Introduction to Signals and Systems Analysis

Introduction to Signals and Systems Analysis

What is a Signal?


The Negative Feedback in Electronics

The Negative Feedback in Electronics

Introduction According to Norbert Wiener, the American mathematician and the father of cybernetics, feedback is a method of...


Two-Port Parameters and Transformations

Two-Port Parameters and Transformations

Introduction A linear circuit is one whose output signal is linearly proportional to its input signal.


The Summing OPAMP Amplifier

The Summing OPAMP Amplifier

Introduction In most of our previous tutorials concerning operational amplifiers, only one input was applied to either the...


Class D Amplifiers

Class D Amplifiers

Introduction In the previous tutorials, an important link has been established between the conduction angle of an amplifier and...


Frequency Response of Amplifiers

Frequency Response of Amplifiers

Introduction As such for any electronic circuit, the behavior of amplifiers is affected by the frequency of the signal on their...


Input and Output Impedances of Amplifiers

Input and Output Impedances of Amplifiers

Introduction In a very simplified point of view, an amplifier consists of a “box” that realizes an amplification function between ...


Class B Amplifiers

Class B Amplifiers

Introduction We have seen during the previous tutorial that Class A amplifiers are characterized by a conduction angle of 360° ...


Amplifier Classes

Amplifier Classes

Introduction Amplifiers are commonly classified depending on the structure of the output stage.