Analog To Digital Conversion – Sampling and Quantization

Analog To Digital Conversion – Sampling and Quantization

This article presents two key concepts in converting a continuous analog signal to a discrete digital signal.


Positive Feedback in Electronic Circuits

Positive Feedback in Electronic Circuits

Introduction While negative feedback controls and corrects the behavior of a system, positive feedback encourages and strengthens...


Sensors and Transducers

Sensors and Transducers

Introduction Transducers are devices that change one kind of energy into another.


7-Segment Display Counter

7-Segment Display Counter

Learn how to connect 7-segment displays to represent numerical digits and how BCD decoder drivers and counter ICs allow the...


MOD Counters

MOD Counters

Introduction MOD Counters are circuits with cascaded counters that count to a predetermined modulus value before restarting.


BCD Counter Circuit

BCD Counter Circuit

BCD Counter Circuit A special digital counter called a BCD counter may count up to ten when a clock signal is supplied.


Simple LED Flasher

Simple LED Flasher

Introduction This simple circuit illuminates an LED or bulb using a ripple counter in a specific order at a predefined interval.


Bidirectional Counters

Bidirectional Counters

Introduction A bidirectional counter is a binary counter that operates synchronously in both up and down directions.


Asynchronous Counter

Asynchronous Counter

Asynchronous Counter “Asynchronous counters” are those counters in which where various flip-flops are driven by various clock sig...


Frequency Division Counters

Frequency Division Counters

Frequency Division A frequency divider is a circuit that accepts an input signal of a frequency and outputs a signal that is a...


Digital to Analogue Converter (R-2R)

Digital to Analogue Converter (R-2R)

The R-2R Digital-to-Analogue Converter is a type of data converter that transforms a digital binary number into an analog output...


Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)

Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)

Analog to Digital Converter An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is an electronic circuit that is used to convert a real-world...